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Aspose.HTML for Java 包含 com.aspose.html.accessibility 软件包,该软件包用于所有与网络辅助功能相关的操作和检查。
屏幕阅读器无障碍性是网络无障碍性的重要组成部分,可确保盲人、视障者或认知障碍者能够使用网站和数字应用程序。屏幕阅读器是一种辅助技术,可将数字内容(包括文本、图像和互动元素)转换为语音或盲文,从而使用户能够有效地浏览网页并与之互动。为支持屏幕阅读器,开发人员应遵循《网页内容可访问性指南》(WCAG)](2),特别是为所有信息图像、按钮和媒体元素提供清晰、描述性的替代文本(alt 文本)。
在本文中,我们将介绍如何使用 Aspose.HTML for Java 库来检查网站或任何其他 HTML 文档的内容对屏幕阅读器的可访问性,即是否为所有信息图像、按钮和媒体元素提供了清晰、描述性的替代文本(alt 文本)。
在 屏幕阅读器辅助功能 – 检查替代文本 一文中,您将了解如何在设计网站时考虑屏幕阅读器辅助功能,以及如何使用各种方法在网站上实现替代文本,包括图像、按钮、"<对象>“元素、表单控件、表情符号等。
多媒体网络无障碍 一文探讨了如何使多媒体内容具有包容性,让更多受众(包括残障人士)能够无障碍地访问多媒体内容。本文举例说明了符合 WCAG 标准的多媒体无障碍最佳实践。
让我们来看看与检查图像和标签的 alt 文本有关的代码片段。要检查页面的替代文本和可访问性标准,您需要遵循以下步骤:
document) 方法检查 HTML 文档的可访问性。结果存储在 validationResult 变量中。以 HTML 文件 alt-tag.html 为例:
1<html>
2 <body>
3 <img src="./resourses/login.png" alt="Login icon">
4
5 <label>Enter login:</label>
6 <!--error: for input missing label with for="login" -->
7 <input type="text" id="login">
8
9 <label for="password">Enter password:</label>
10 <input type="password" id="password">
11
12 <!--error: for image alt attribute must not be empty -->
13 <img src="./resourses/sign.png" alt="">
14 </body>
15</html>下面的 Java 代码片段演示了创建验证器、加载 HTML 文档并根据网络无障碍要求(即 “1. Perceivable”、“1.1 Text Alternatives"规则)进行验证的基本步骤:
1// Validate HTML image alt text accessibility with detailed error reporting
2
3// Prepare a path to a source HTML file
4String documentPath = "alt-tag.html";
5
6// Initialize webAccessibility container
7WebAccessibility webAccessibility = new WebAccessibility();
8
9// Get from the rules list Principle "1. Perceivable"
10// by code "1" and get guideline "1.1 Text Alternatives"
11Guideline guideline = webAccessibility.getRules()
12 .getPrinciple("1").getGuideline("1.1");
13
14// Create an accessibility validator - pass the found guideline
15// as parameters and specify the full validation settings
16AccessibilityValidator validator = webAccessibility.createValidator(
17 guideline,
18 ValidationBuilder.getAll()
19);
20
21// Initialize an HTMLDocument object
22final HTMLDocument document = new HTMLDocument(documentPath);
23ValidationResult validationResult = validator.validate(document);
24
25if (!validationResult.getSuccess()) {
26 // Get all the result details
27 for (RuleValidationResult ruleResult : validationResult.getDetails()) {
28 // If the result of the rule is unsuccessful
29 if (!ruleResult.getSuccess()) {
30 // Get an errors list
31 for (ITechniqueResult result : ruleResult.getErrors()) {
32 // Check the type of the erroneous element, in this case,
33 // we have an error in the HTML Element
34 if (result.getError().getTarget().getTargetType() == TargetTypes.HTMLElement) {
35 HTMLElement rule = (HTMLElement) result.getError().getTarget().getItem();
36
37 System.out.println(String.format("Error in rule %s : %s",
38 result.getRule().getCode(),
39 result.getError().getErrorMessage()
40 ));
41
42 System.out.println(String.format("HTML Element: %s",
43 rule.getOuterHTML()
44 ));
45 }
46 }
47 }
48 }
49}文件检查的结果将是一个包含错误的结果列表。程序将输出到控制台:
1 Error in rule H37 : Img element missing an alt attribute. The value of this attribute is referred to as "alt text".
2 HTML Element: <img src="./resourses/sign.png" alt="">
3 Error in rule H44 : Check that the label element contains for attribute.
4 HTML Element: <label>Enter login:</label>
5 Error in rule H65 : Check that the title attribute identifies the purpose of the control and that it matches the apparent visual purpose.
6 HTML Element: <input type="text" id="login">
7 Error in rule F65 : Absence of an alt attribute or text alternative on img elements, area elements, and input elements of type "image".
8 HTML Element: <img src="./resourses/sign.png" alt="">此示例检查 HTML 文档是否符合 “1.2 Time-based Media"指南中的所有标准。
1// Validate HTML for multimedia accessibility using Java
2
3// Initialize a webAccessibility container
4WebAccessibility webAccessibility = new WebAccessibility();
5
6// Get from the rules list Principle "1.Perceivable" by code "1"
7// and get guideline "1.2 Time-based Media"
8Guideline guideline = webAccessibility.getRules()
9 .getPrinciple("1").getGuideline("1.2");
10
11// Create an accessibility validator, pass the found guideline
12// as parameters, and specify the full validation settings
13AccessibilityValidator validator = webAccessibility.createValidator(
14 guideline,
15 ValidationBuilder.getAll()
16);
17
18// Initialize an HTMLDocument object
19final HTMLDocument document = new HTMLDocument("https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yugq1KyZCI0");
20ValidationResult validationResult = validator.validate(document);
21
22// Checking for success
23if (!validationResult.getSuccess()) {
24 // Get all result details
25 for (RuleValidationResult ruleResult : validationResult.getDetails()) {
26 // If the result of the rule is unsuccessful
27 if (!ruleResult.getSuccess()) {
28 // Get an errors list
29 for (ITechniqueResult result : ruleResult.getErrors()) {
30 // Check the type of the erroneous element
31 if (result.getError().getTarget().getTargetType() == TargetTypes.HTMLElement) {
32 HTMLElement rule = (HTMLElement) result.getError().getTarget().getItem();
33
34 System.out.println(String.format("Error in rule %s : %s",
35 result.getRule().getCode(),
36 result.getError().getErrorMessage()
37 ));
38
39 System.out.println(String.format("HTML Element: %s",
40 rule.getOuterHTML()
41 ));
42 }
43 }
44 }
45 }
46}例如,要检查是否有音频描述,您必须选择所需的标准并对其进行检查。
1 // Get the principle "1. Perceivable" by its code and retrieve the guideline "1.2 Time-based Media"
2 Guideline guideline = webAccessibility.getRules().getPrinciple("1").getGuideline("1.2");
3
4 // Get the specific criterion: 1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)
5 Criterion criterion = guideline.getCriterion("1.2.3");
6
7 // Create an accessibility validator with the found criterion and full validation settings
8 AccessibilityValidator validator = webAccessibility.createValidator(criterion, ValidationBuilder.getAll());
9
10 ...请记住,关键是要确保残障用户能够访问多媒体内容并有效理解其上下文。结合多种无障碍技术,如字幕、文字稿和音频描述,可以为所有用户提供全面的包容性体验。
Aspose.HTML 提供免费的在线 网页可访问性检查器。该工具可扫描网页、验证网页是否符合 WCAG 标准、发现问题并提出改进建议。您可以即时了解网站的合规性,确定必要的修正范围,以及网站或 HTML 文档的当前状态与 WCAG 要求之间的差距。
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