数据验证

微软Excel提供一些良好的自动筛选和验证工作表数据的功能。Aspose.Cells全面支持微软Excel的数据验证和自动筛选功能。本文介绍如何在微软Excel中使用这些功能，以及如何使用Aspose.Cells for Node.js via C++编写代码实现。

数据验证类型和执行

数据验证是设置有关工作表上输入的数据的规则的能力。例如，使用验证可确保标有日期的列仅包含日期，或者另一列仅包含数字。甚至可以确保标有日期的列仅包含特定范围内的日期。通过数据验证，可以控制输入工作表中单元格的内容。

Microsoft Excel 支持许多不同类型的数据验证。 每种类型用于控制输入到单元格或单元格范围中的数据类型。 下面的代码片段说明了如何验证：

• 数字是整数，即它们没有小数部分。
• 十进制数遵循正确的结构。代码示例定义了一组单元格应具有两个小数位。
• 值受限于值列表。列表验证定义了可应用于单元格或单元格范围的单独值列表。
• 日期在特定范围内。
• 时间在特定范围内。
• 文本在给定的字符长度内。

Microsoft Excel中的数据验证

要使用Microsoft Excel创建验证：

1. 在工作表中，选择要应用验证的单元格。
2. 从数据菜单中选择验证。将显示验证对话框。
3. 单击设置选项卡并输入设置。

使用Aspose.Cells for Node.js via C++进行数据验证

数据验证是一项强大的功能，可验证输入工作表的信息。借助数据验证，开发人员可以为用户提供选择列表，限制数据输入为特定类型或大小等功能。
在 Aspose.Cells for Node.js via C++ 中，每个 Worksheet 类都有一个 getValidations() 方法，代表一组 Validation 对象。为了设置验证，将一些 Validation 类的属性设为如下：

• 类型——代表验证类型，可以使用 ValidationType 枚举中的预定义值之一进行指定。
• 运算符——代表用于验证的运算符，可以使用 OperatorType 枚举中的预定义值之一进行指定。
• Formula1 – 表示与数据验证的第一部分关联的值或表达式。
• Formula2 – 表示与数据验证的第二部分关联的值或表达式。

当 Validation 对象的属性配置完成后，开发者可以使用 CellArea 结构存储有关使用创建的验证进行验证的单元格范围的信息。

数据验证类型

ValidationType 枚举具有以下成员：

成员名称	描述
AnyValue	表示任何类型的值。
WholeNumber	表示整数的验证类型。
Decimal	表示十进制数字的验证类型。
List	表示下拉列表的验证类型。
Date	表示日期的验证类型。
Time	表示时间的验证类型。
TextLength	表示文本长度的验证类型。
Custom	表示自定义验证类型。

整数数据验证

使用此类型的验证，用户只能在验证的单元格中输入指定范围内的整数。接下来的代码示例展示了如何实现整数字验证类型。该示例使用 Aspose.Cells for Node.js via C++ 创建了与上述 Microsoft Excel 中相同的数据验证。

const path = require("path");
const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");

// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

// Create directory if it is not already present.
const fs = require("fs");
if (!fs.existsSync(dataDir)) {
    fs.mkdirSync(dataDir);
}

// Create a workbook object.
const workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook();

// Create a worksheet and get the first worksheet.
const ExcelWorkSheet = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0);

// Accessing the Validations collection of the worksheet
const validations = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getValidations();

// Create Cell Area
const ca = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
ca.startRow = 0;
ca.endRow = 0;
ca.startColumn = 0;
ca.endColumn = 0;

// Creating a Validation object
const validation = validations.get(validations.add(ca));

// Setting the validation type to whole number
validation.setType(AsposeCells.ValidationType.WholeNumber);

// Setting the operator for validation to Between
validation.setOperator(AsposeCells.OperatorType.Between);

// Setting the minimum value for the validation
validation.setFormula1("10");

// Setting the maximum value for the validation
validation.setFormula2("1000");

// Applying the validation to a range of cells from A1 to B2 using the
// CellArea structure
const area = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
area.startRow = 0;
area.endRow = 1;
area.startColumn = 0;
area.endColumn = 1;

// Adding the cell area to Validation
validation.addArea(area);

// Save the workbook.
workbook.save(path.join(dataDir, "output.out.xls"));

列表数据验证

这种类型的验证允许用户从下拉列表中输入值。它提供了一个列表：包含数据的一系列行。在示例中，添加了第二个工作表来保存列表源。用户只能从列表中选择值。验证区域是第一个工作表中的单元格范围 A1:A5。

这里重要的是要将 Validation.setInCellDropDown(boolean) 属性设为 true。

const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");
const path = require("path");

// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

// Create directory if it is not already present.
const fs = require("fs");
if (!fs.existsSync(dataDir)) {
    fs.mkdirSync(dataDir);
}

// Create a workbook object.
let workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook();

// Get the first worksheet.
let worksheet1 = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0);

// Add a new worksheet and access it.
let i = workbook.getWorksheets().add();
let worksheet2 = workbook.getWorksheets().get(i);

// Create a range in the second worksheet.
let range = worksheet2.getCells().createRange("E1", "E4");

// Name the range.
range.setName("MyRange");

// Fill different cells with data in the range.
range.get(0, 0).putValue("Blue");
range.get(1, 0).putValue("Red");
range.get(2, 0).putValue("Green");
range.get(3, 0).putValue("Yellow");

// Get the validations collection.
let validations = worksheet1.getValidations();

// Create Cell Area
let ca = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
ca.startRow = 0;
ca.endRow = 0;
ca.startColumn = 0;
ca.endColumn = 0;

// Create a new validation to the validations list.
let validation = validations.get(validations.add(ca));

// Set the validation type.
validation.setType(AsposeCells.ValidationType.List);

// Set the operator.
validation.setOperator(AsposeCells.OperatorType.None);

// Set the in cell drop down.
validation.setInCellDropDown(true);

// Set the formula1.
validation.setFormula1("=MyRange");

// Enable it to show error.
validation.setShowError(true);

// Set the alert type severity level.
validation.setAlertStyle(AsposeCells.ValidationAlertType.Stop);

// Set the error title.
validation.setErrorTitle("Error");

// Set the error message.
validation.setErrorMessage("Please select a color from the list");

// Specify the validation area.
let area = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
area.startRow = 0;
area.endRow = 4;
area.startColumn = 0;
area.endColumn = 0;

// Add the validation area.
validation.addArea(area);

// Save the Excel file.
workbook.save(path.join(dataDir, "output.out.xls"));

日期数据验证

使用此类型的验证，用户可以在验证单元格中输入符合指定范围或特定条件的日期值。在此示例中，用户被限制只能输入1970年至1999年之间的日期。这里，验证区域是B1单元格。

const path = require("path");
const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");

// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

// Create directory if it is not already present.
const fs = require("fs");
if (!fs.existsSync(dataDir)) {
    fs.mkdirSync(dataDir);
}

// Create a workbook.
let workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook();

// Obtain the cells of the first worksheet.
let cells = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getCells();

// Put a string value into the A1 cell.
cells.get("A1").putValue("Please enter Date b/w 1/1/1970 and 12/31/1999");

// Set row height and column width for the cells.
cells.setRowHeight(0, 31);
cells.setColumnWidth(0, 35);

// Get the validations collection.
let validations = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getValidations();

// Create Cell Area
let ca = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
ca.startRow = 0;
ca.endRow = 0;
ca.startColumn = 0;
ca.endColumn = 0;

// Add a new validation.
let validation = validations.get(validations.add(ca));

// Set the data validation type.
validation.setType(AsposeCells.ValidationType.Date);

// Set the operator for the data validation
validation.setOperator(AsposeCells.OperatorType.Between);

// Set the value or expression associated with the data validation.
validation.setFormula1("1/1/1970");

// The value or expression associated with the second part of the data validation.
validation.setFormula2("12/31/1999");

// Enable the error.
validation.setShowError(true);

// Set the validation alert style.
validation.setAlertStyle(AsposeCells.ValidationAlertType.Stop);

// Set the title of the data-validation error dialog box
validation.setErrorTitle("Date Error");

// Set the data validation error message.
validation.setErrorMessage("Enter a Valid Date");

// Set and enable the data validation input message.
validation.setInputMessage("Date Validation Type");
validation.setIgnoreBlank(true);
validation.setShowInput(true);

// Set a collection of CellArea which contains the data validation settings.
let cellArea = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
cellArea.startRow = 0;
cellArea.endRow = 0;
cellArea.startColumn = 1;
cellArea.endColumn = 1;

// Add the validation area.
validation.addArea(cellArea);

// Save the Excel file.
workbook.save(path.join(dataDir, "output.out.xls"));

时间数据验证

使用此类型的验证，用户可以在验证单元格中输入符合指定范围或特定条件的时间值。在此示例中，用户被限制只能输入上午09:00至11:30之间的时间。这里，验证区域是B1单元格。

const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");
const path = require("path");

// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

// Create directory if it is not already present.
if (!require("fs").existsSync(dataDir)) {
    require("fs").mkdirSync(dataDir);
}

// Create a workbook.
const workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook();

// Obtain the cells of the first worksheet.
const cells = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getCells();

// Put a string value into A1 cell.
cells.get("A1").putValue("Please enter Time b/w 09:00 and 11:30 'o Clock");

// Set the row height and column width for the cells.
cells.setRowHeight(0, 31);
cells.setColumnWidth(0, 35);

// Get the validations collection.
const validations = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getValidations();

// Create Cell Area
const ca = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
ca.startRow = 0;
ca.endRow = 0;
ca.startColumn = 0;
ca.endColumn = 0;

// Add a new validation.
const validation = validations.get(validations.add(ca));

// Set the data validation type.
validation.setType(AsposeCells.ValidationType.Time);

// Set the operator for the data validation.
validation.setOperator(AsposeCells.OperatorType.Between);

// Set the value or expression associated with the data validation.
validation.setFormula1("09:00");

// The value or expression associated with the second part of the data validation.
validation.setFormula2("11:30");

// Enable the error.
validation.setShowError(true);

// Set the validation alert style.
validation.setAlertStyle(AsposeCells.ValidationAlertType.Information);

// Set the title of the data-validation error dialog box.
validation.setErrorTitle("Time Error");

// Set the data validation error message.
validation.setErrorMessage("Enter a Valid Time");

// Set and enable the data validation input message.
validation.setInputMessage("Time Validation Type");
validation.setIgnoreBlank(true);
validation.setShowInput(true);

// Set a collection of CellArea which contains the data validation settings.
const cellArea = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
cellArea.startRow = 0;
cellArea.endRow = 0;
cellArea.startColumn = 1;
cellArea.endColumn = 1;

// Add the validation area.
validation.addArea(cellArea);

// Save the Excel file.
workbook.save(path.join(dataDir, "output.out.xls"));

文本长度数据验证

使用此类型的验证，用户可以在验证单元格中输入指定长度的文本值。在此示例中，用户被限制只能输入不超过5个字符的字符串值。验证区域是B1单元格。

const path = require("path");
const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");

// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

// Create directory if it is not already present.
if (!require("fs").existsSync(dataDir)) {
    require("fs").mkdirSync(dataDir);
}

// Create a new workbook.
const workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook();

// Obtain the cells of the first worksheet.
const cells = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getCells();

// Put a string value into A1 cell.
cells.get("A1").putValue("Please enter a string not more than 5 chars");

// Set row height and column width for the cell.
cells.setRowHeight(0, 31);
cells.setColumnWidth(0, 35);

// Get the validations collection.
const validations = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getValidations();

// Create Cell Area
const ca = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
ca.startRow = 0;
ca.endRow = 0;
ca.startColumn = 0;
ca.endColumn = 0;

// Add a new validation.
const validation = validations.get(validations.add(ca));

// Set the data validation type.
validation.setType(AsposeCells.ValidationType.TextLength);

// Set the operator for the data validation.
validation.setOperator(AsposeCells.OperatorType.LessOrEqual);

// Set the value or expression associated with the data validation.
validation.setFormula1("5");

// Enable the error.
validation.setShowError(true);

// Set the validation alert style.
validation.setAlertStyle(AsposeCells.ValidationAlertType.Warning);

// Set the title of the data-validation error dialog box.
validation.setErrorTitle("Text Length Error");

// Set the data validation error message.
validation.setErrorMessage(" Enter a Valid String");

// Set and enable the data validation input message.
validation.setInputMessage("TextLength Validation Type");
validation.setIgnoreBlank(true);
validation.setShowInput(true);

// Set a collection of CellArea which contains the data validation settings.
const cellArea = new AsposeCells.CellArea();
cellArea.startRow = 0;
cellArea.endRow = 0;
cellArea.startColumn = 1;
cellArea.endColumn = 1;

// Add the validation area.
validation.addArea(cellArea);

// Save the Excel file.
workbook.save(path.join(dataDir, "output.out.xls"));

数据验证规则

当实现数据验证后，可以通过在单元格中设定不同值来检测验证结果。可以使用 Cell.getValidationValue() 获取验证结果。以下示例用不同的值展示了此功能。测试用的示例文件可以通过以下链接下载：

sampleDataValidationRules.xlsx

const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");
const path = require("path");
// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

// Instantiate the workbook from sample Excel file
const workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook(dataDir + "sample.xlsx");

// Access the first worksheet
const worksheet = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0);

// Access Cell C1
// Cell C1 has the Decimal Validation applied on it.
// It can take only the values Between 10 and 20
const cell = worksheet.getCells().get("C1");

// Enter 3 inside this cell
// Since it is not between 10 and 20, it should fail the validation
cell.putValue(3);

// Check if number 3 satisfies the Data Validation rule applied on this cell
console.log("Is 3 a Valid Value for this Cell: " + cell.getValidationValue());

// Enter 15 inside this cell
// Since it is between 10 and 20, it should succeed the validation
cell.putValue(15);

// Check if number 15 satisfies the Data Validation rule applied on this cell
console.log("Is 15 a Valid Value for this Cell: " + cell.getValidationValue());

// Enter 30 inside this cell
// Since it is not between 10 and 20, it should fail the validation again
cell.putValue(30);

// Check if number 30 satisfies the Data Validation rule applied on this cell
console.log("Is 30 a Valid Value for this Cell: " + cell.getValidationValue());

检查单元格中的验证是否为下拉列表

正如我们所见，单元格中可以实现许多类型的验证。如果你想检查验证是否为下拉菜单， 可以使用 Validation.getInCellDropDown() 方法进行测试。以下示例代码展示了此属性的用法。可以从以下链接下载测试的示例文件：

sampleValidation.xlsx

const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");
const path = require("path");

// The path to the documents directory.
const dataDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");

const workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook(dataDir + "sampleValidation.xlsx");
const sheet = workbook.getWorksheets().get("Sheet1");
const cells = sheet.getCells();

const checkDropDown = (cell, cellRef) => {
    const validation = cell.getValidation();
    if (validation.getInCellDropDown()) {
        console.log(`${cellRef} is a dropdown`);
    } else {
        console.log(`${cellRef} is NOT a dropdown`);
    }
};

checkDropDown(cells.get("A2"), "A2");
checkDropDown(cells.get("B2"), "B2");
checkDropDown(cells.get("C2"), "C2");

为现有验证添加CellArea

可能存在你想向现有 Validation 添加 CellArea 的情况。使用 Validation.addArea(CellArea) 添加 CellArea 时，Aspose.Cells 会检查所有现有区域，查看新区域是否已存在。如果文件中验证数量较多，可能会影响性能。为了解决此问题，API 提供了 Validation.addArea(CellArea, boolean, boolean) 方法。checkIntersection 参数表示是否检测给定区域与现有验证区域的交集。设为 false 将禁用对其他区域的检测。checkEdge 参数表示是否检查应用区域。如果新区域成为左上角区域，内部设置会被重建。若确定新区域不是左上角区域，可将此参数设为 false。

以下代码片段演示了如何使用 Validation.addArea(CellArea, boolean, boolean) 方法向现有 Validation 添加一个新 CellArea。

const path = require("path");
const AsposeCells = require("aspose.cells.node");

// The path to the documents directory.
const sourceDir = path.join(__dirname, "data");
const outputDir = path.join(__dirname, "output");

const workbook = new AsposeCells.Workbook(path.join(sourceDir, "ValidationsSample.xlsx"));

// Access first worksheet.
const worksheet = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0);

// Accessing the Validations collection of the worksheet
const validation = worksheet.getValidations().get(0);

// Create your cell area.
const cellArea = AsposeCells.CellArea.createCellArea("D5", "E7");

// Adding the cell area to Validation
validation.addArea(cellArea, false, false);

// Save the output workbook.
workbook.save(path.join(outputDir, "ValidationsSample_out.xlsx"));

源和输出的Excel文件已附上供参考。

源文件

输出文件

高级主题

• 获取ODS文件中的单元格验证
• 获取应用于单元格的验证
• 验证单元格值是否满足数据验证规则