合并表格单元格

有时，表中的某些行需要标题或占用表全宽的大文本块。 为了正确设计表格，用户可以将几个表格单元格合并为一个。 Aspose.Words在处理所有输入格式（包括导入HTML内容）时支持合并单元格。

如何合并表格单元格

在Aspose.Words中，合并的单元格由CellFormat类的以下属性表示:

• HorizontalMerge描述单元格是否是单元格水平合并的一部分
• VerticalMerge描述单元格是否是单元格垂直合并的一部分

这些属性的值确定单元格的合并行为:

• 合并单元格序列中的第一个单元格将具有CellMerge.First
• 任何随后合并的单元格都将具有CellMerge.Previous
• 未合并的单元格将具有CellMerge.None

有时，在加载表中的现有文档单元格时，它们会出现合并。 但是，它实际上可以是一个长单元格-有时Microsoft Word以这种方式导出合并的单元格。 当尝试使用单个单元格时，这可能会令人困惑，但似乎没有任何特定的模式来确定何时发生这种情况。

检查单元格是否合并

要检查单元格是否是合并单元格序列的一部分，我们只需检查HorizontalMerge和VerticalMerge属性。

下面的代码示例演示如何打印水平和垂直单元格合并类型:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
auto doc = MakeObject<Document>(MyDir + u"Table with merged cells.docx");

auto table = System::ExplicitCast<Table>(doc->GetChild(NodeType::Table, 0, true));

for (const auto& row : System::IterateOver<Row>(table->get_Rows()))
{
    for (const auto& cell : System::IterateOver<Cell>(row->get_Cells()))
    {
        std::cout << PrintCellMergeType(cell) << std::endl;
    }
}

表{#merge-cells-in-a-table}中的合并单元格

要合并使用DocumentBuilder创建的表中的单元格，您需要为预期合并的每个单元格设置适当的合并类型–首先是CellMerge.First，然后是CellMerge.Previous。

此外，您必须记住清除那些不需要合并的单元格的合并设置–这可以通过将第一个非合并单元格设置为CellMerge.None来完成。 如果不这样做，表中的所有单元格都将被合并。

下面的代码示例演示如何创建具有两行的表，其中第一行中的单元格水平合并:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
auto doc = MakeObject<Document>();
auto builder = MakeObject<DocumentBuilder>(doc);

builder->InsertCell();
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_HorizontalMerge(CellMerge::First);
builder->Write(u"Text in merged cells.");

builder->InsertCell();
// This cell is merged to the previous and should be empty.
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_HorizontalMerge(CellMerge::Previous);
builder->EndRow();

builder->InsertCell();
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_HorizontalMerge(CellMerge::None);
builder->Write(u"Text in one cell.");

builder->InsertCell();
builder->Write(u"Text in another cell.");
builder->EndRow();
builder->EndTable();

doc->Save(ArtifactsDir + u"WorkingWithTables.HorizontalMerge.docx");

下面的代码示例演示如何创建一个两列表，其中第一列中的单元格垂直合并:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
auto doc = MakeObject<Document>();
auto builder = MakeObject<DocumentBuilder>(doc);

builder->InsertCell();
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_VerticalMerge(CellMerge::First);
builder->Write(u"Text in merged cells.");

builder->InsertCell();
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_VerticalMerge(CellMerge::None);
builder->Write(u"Text in one cell");
builder->EndRow();

builder->InsertCell();
// This cell is vertically merged to the cell above and should be empty.
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_VerticalMerge(CellMerge::Previous);

builder->InsertCell();
builder->get_CellFormat()->set_VerticalMerge(CellMerge::None);
builder->Write(u"Text in another cell");
builder->EndRow();
builder->EndTable();

doc->Save(ArtifactsDir + u"WorkingWithTables.VerticalMerge.docx");

在其他情况下合并表格单元格

在未使用DocumentBuilder的其他情况下，例如在现有表中，以前面的方式合并单元格可能不那么容易。 相反，我们可以将合并属性应用于单元格的基本操作包装在一个使任务更容易的方法中。 此方法类似于合并自动化方法，它被称为合并表中的单元格范围。

下面的代码将合并指定范围内的表格单元格，从给定单元格开始，到结束单元格结束。 在这种情况下，范围可以跨越多行或多列:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
void MergeCells(SharedPtr<Cell> startCell, SharedPtr<Cell> endCell)
{
    SharedPtr<Table> parentTable = startCell->get_ParentRow()->get_ParentTable();

    // Find the row and cell indices for the start and end cell.
    System::Drawing::Point startCellPos(startCell->get_ParentRow()->IndexOf(startCell), parentTable->IndexOf(startCell->get_ParentRow()));
    System::Drawing::Point endCellPos(endCell->get_ParentRow()->IndexOf(endCell), parentTable->IndexOf(endCell->get_ParentRow()));

    // Create a range of cells to be merged based on these indices.
    // Inverse each index if the end cell is before the start cell.
    System::Drawing::Rectangle mergeRange(
        System::Math::Min(startCellPos.get_X(), endCellPos.get_X()), System::Math::Min(startCellPos.get_Y(), endCellPos.get_Y()),
        System::Math::Abs(endCellPos.get_X() - startCellPos.get_X()) + 1, System::Math::Abs(endCellPos.get_Y() - startCellPos.get_Y()) + 1);

    for (const auto& row : System::IterateOver<Row>(parentTable->get_Rows()))
    {
        for (const auto& cell : System::IterateOver<Cell>(row->get_Cells()))
        {
            System::Drawing::Point currentPos(row->IndexOf(cell), parentTable->IndexOf(row));

            // Check if the current cell is inside our merge range, then merge it.
            if (mergeRange.Contains(currentPos))
            {
                cell->get_CellFormat()->set_HorizontalMerge(currentPos.get_X() == mergeRange.get_X() ? CellMerge::First : CellMerge::Previous);

                cell->get_CellFormat()->set_VerticalMerge(currentPos.get_Y() == mergeRange.get_Y() ? CellMerge::First : CellMerge::Previous);
            }
        }
    }
}

下面的代码示例演示如何在两个指定单元格之间合并单元格范围:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
auto doc = MakeObject<Document>(MyDir + u"Table with merged cells.docx");

SharedPtr<Table> table = doc->get_FirstSection()->get_Body()->get_Tables()->idx_get(0);

// We want to merge the range of cells found inbetween these two cells.
SharedPtr<Cell> cellStartRange = table->get_Rows()->idx_get(0)->get_Cells()->idx_get(0);
SharedPtr<Cell> cellEndRange = table->get_Rows()->idx_get(1)->get_Cells()->idx_get(1);

// Merge all the cells between the two specified cells into one.
MergeCells(cellStartRange, cellEndRange);

doc->Save(ArtifactsDir + u"WorkingWithTables.MergeCellRange.docx");

根据您使用的框架的版本，您可能希望通过将其转换为扩展方法来优化此方法。 在这种情况下，您可以直接在单元格上调用此方法来合并单元格范围，例如cell1.Merge(cell2)。

表格{#vertical-and-Horizontal-merged-cells-in-the-table}中的垂直和水平合并单元格

正如我们在前面的文章中所说，Microsoft Word中的表是一组独立的行。 每行都有一组独立于其他行的单元格的单元格。 因此，在Microsoft Word表中没有"列"这样的对象，并且"1st列"类似于"表中每行的1st单元格的集合"。 这允许用户有一个表，其中，例如，1st行由两个单元格组成–2cm和1cm，2nd行由两个不同的单元格组成–1cm和2cm宽。 Aspose.Words支持这种表的概念。

HTML中的表具有本质上不同的结构：每行具有相同数量的单元格，并且（对于任务很重要）每个单元格具有相应列的宽度，对于一列中的所有单元格都相同。 因此，如果HorizontalMerge和VerticalMerge返回不正确的值，请使用以下代码示例:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
auto doc = MakeObject<Document>(MyDir + u"Table with merged cells.docx");

auto visitor = MakeObject<WorkingWithTables::SpanVisitor>(doc);
doc->Accept(visitor);

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
/// <summary>
/// Helper class that contains collection of rowinfo for each row.
/// </summary>
class TableInfo : public System::Object
{
public:
    SharedPtr<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::RowInfo>>> get_Rows()
    {
        return mRows;
    }

    TableInfo() : mRows(MakeObject<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::RowInfo>>>())
    {
    }

private:
    SharedPtr<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::RowInfo>>> mRows;
};

/// <summary>
/// Helper class that contains collection of cellinfo for each cell.
/// </summary>
class RowInfo : public System::Object
{
public:
    SharedPtr<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::CellInfo>>> get_Cells()
    {
        return mCells;
    }

    RowInfo() : mCells(MakeObject<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::CellInfo>>>())
    {
    }

private:
    SharedPtr<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::CellInfo>>> mCells;
};

/// <summary>
/// Helper class that contains info about cell. currently here is only colspan and rowspan.
/// </summary>
class CellInfo : public System::Object
{
public:
    int get_ColSpan()
    {
        return pr_ColSpan;
    }

    int get_RowSpan()
    {
        return pr_RowSpan;
    }

    CellInfo(int colSpan, int rowSpan) : pr_ColSpan(0), pr_RowSpan(0)
    {
        pr_ColSpan = colSpan;
        pr_RowSpan = rowSpan;
    }

private:
    int pr_ColSpan;
    int pr_RowSpan;
};

class SpanVisitor : public DocumentVisitor
{
public:
    /// <summary>
    /// Creates new SpanVisitor instance.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="doc">
    /// Is document which we should parse.
    /// </param>
    SpanVisitor(SharedPtr<Document> doc) : mTables(MakeObject<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::TableInfo>>>())
    {
        mWordTables = doc->GetChildNodes(NodeType::Table, true);

        // We will parse HTML to determine the rowspan and colspan of each cell.
        auto htmlStream = MakeObject<System::IO::MemoryStream>();

        auto options = MakeObject<Aspose::Words::Saving::HtmlSaveOptions>();
        options->set_ImagesFolder(System::IO::Path::GetTempPath());

        doc->Save(htmlStream, options);

        // Load HTML into the XML document.
        auto xmlDoc = MakeObject<System::Xml::XmlDocument>();
        htmlStream->set_Position(0);
        xmlDoc->Load(htmlStream);

        // Get collection of tables in the HTML document.
        SharedPtr<System::Xml::XmlNodeList> tables = xmlDoc->get_DocumentElement()->GetElementsByTagName(u"table");

        for (const auto& table : System::IterateOver(tables))
        {
            auto tableInf = MakeObject<WorkingWithTables::TableInfo>();
            // Get collection of rows in the table.
            SharedPtr<System::Xml::XmlNodeList> rows = table->SelectNodes(u"tr");

            for (const auto& row : System::IterateOver(rows))
            {
                auto rowInf = MakeObject<WorkingWithTables::RowInfo>();
                // Get collection of cells.
                SharedPtr<System::Xml::XmlNodeList> cells = row->SelectNodes(u"td");

                for (const auto& cell : System::IterateOver(cells))
                {
                    // Determine row span and colspan of the current cell.
                    SharedPtr<System::Xml::XmlAttribute> colSpanAttr = cell->get_Attributes()->idx_get(u"colspan");
                    SharedPtr<System::Xml::XmlAttribute> rowSpanAttr = cell->get_Attributes()->idx_get(u"rowspan");

                    int colSpan = colSpanAttr == nullptr ? 0 : System::Int32::Parse(colSpanAttr->get_Value());
                    int rowSpan = rowSpanAttr == nullptr ? 0 : System::Int32::Parse(rowSpanAttr->get_Value());

                    auto cellInf = MakeObject<WorkingWithTables::CellInfo>(colSpan, rowSpan);
                    rowInf->get_Cells()->Add(cellInf);
                }

                tableInf->get_Rows()->Add(rowInf);
            }

            mTables->Add(tableInf);
        }
    }

    VisitorAction VisitCellStart(SharedPtr<Cell> cell) override
    {
        int tabIdx = mWordTables->IndexOf(cell->get_ParentRow()->get_ParentTable());
        int rowIdx = cell->get_ParentRow()->get_ParentTable()->IndexOf(cell->get_ParentRow());
        int cellIdx = cell->get_ParentRow()->IndexOf(cell);

        int colSpan = 0;
        int rowSpan = 0;
        if (tabIdx < mTables->get_Count() && rowIdx < mTables->idx_get(tabIdx)->get_Rows()->get_Count() &&
            cellIdx < mTables->idx_get(tabIdx)->get_Rows()->idx_get(rowIdx)->get_Cells()->get_Count())
        {
            colSpan = mTables->idx_get(tabIdx)->get_Rows()->idx_get(rowIdx)->get_Cells()->idx_get(cellIdx)->get_ColSpan();
            rowSpan = mTables->idx_get(tabIdx)->get_Rows()->idx_get(rowIdx)->get_Cells()->idx_get(cellIdx)->get_RowSpan();
        }

        std::cout << tabIdx << "." << rowIdx << "." << cellIdx << " colspan=" << colSpan << "\t rowspan=" << rowSpan << std::endl;

        return VisitorAction::Continue;
    }

private:
    SharedPtr<System::Collections::Generic::List<SharedPtr<WorkingWithTables::TableInfo>>> mTables;
    SharedPtr<NodeCollection> mWordTables;
};

转换为水平合并单元格

有时无法检测哪些单元格被合并，因为某些较新版本的Microsoft Word在单元格水平合并时不再使用合并标志。 但是对于使用合并标志按单元格宽度水平合并到单元格的情况，Aspose.Words提供了ConvertToHorizontallyMergedCells方法来转换单元格。 此方法只需转换表格并根据需要添加新单元格。

下面的代码示例在操作中显示了上述方法:

// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-words/Aspose.Words-for-C.git.
auto doc = MakeObject<Document>(MyDir + u"Table with merged cells.docx");

SharedPtr<Table> table = doc->get_FirstSection()->get_Body()->get_Tables()->idx_get(0);
// Now merged cells have appropriate merge flags.
table->ConvertToHorizontallyMergedCells();