打开不同格式的文件
开发人员使用Aspose.Cells打开文件以实现不同的目的。例如,打开文件以从中检索数据,或使用预定义的设计师电子表格文件加快开发流程。Aspose.Cells允许开发人员打开不同类型的源文件。这些源文件可以是Microsoft Excel报告、SpreadsheetML、逗号分隔值(CSV)、制表符分隔或制表符分隔值(TSV)文件。本文讨论使用Aspose.Cells打开这些不同的源文件。
如果您需要了解所有支持的文件格式,请参考以下页面: 支持的文件格式
打开Excel文件的简单方法
通过路径打开
使用文件路径来打开Microsoft Excel文件,当创建Workbook类的实例时,将文件路径作为参数传递。以下示例代码演示了如何使用文件路径打开Excel文件。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningFilesThroughPath.class) + "files/"; | |
// Opening from path. | |
// Creating an Workbook object with an Excel file path | |
Workbook workbook1 = new Workbook(dataDir + "Book1.xlsx"); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("Workbook opened using path successfully."); |
通过流打开
有时,要打开的Excel文件存储为流。在这种情况下,与使用文件路径打开文件类似,实例化Workbook类时将流作为参数传递。以下示例代码演示了如何使用流打开Excel文件。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningFilesThroughStream.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Opening workbook from stream | |
// Create a Stream object | |
FileInputStream fstream = new FileInputStream(dataDir + "Book2.xls"); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with the stream object | |
Workbook workbook2 = new Workbook(fstream); | |
fstream.close(); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("Workbook opened using stream successfully."); |
打开不同版本的 Microsoft Excel 文件
用户可以使用LoadOptions类指定Excel文件的格式,使用LoadFormat枚举。
LoadFormat枚举包含许多预定义的文件格式,其中一些如下所示。
格式类型 | 描述 |
---|---|
Csv | 表示CSV文件 |
Excel97To2003 | 表示Excel 97-2003文件 |
Xlsx | 表示Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016/2019和Office 365 XLSX文件 |
Xlsm | 代表Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016/2019和Office 365的XLSM文件 |
Xltx | 代表Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016/2019和Office 365模板XLTX文件 |
Xltm | 代表Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016/2019和Office 365宏启用的XLTM文件 |
Xlsb | 代表Excel 2007/2010/2013/2016/2019和Office 365二进制XLSB文件 |
SpreadsheetML | 代表SpreadsheetML文件 |
Tsv | 代表分隔值文件 |
TabDelimited | 代表分隔符文本文件 |
Ods | 代表ODS文件 |
Html | 代表HTML文件 |
Mhtml | 代表MHTML文件 |
打开Microsoft Excel 95/5.0文件
要打开Microsoft Excel 95文件,请使用Workbook实例化模板文件的路径或流。可以从以下链接下载示例文件以测试代码:
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// Opening Microsoft Excel 97 Files | |
// Creating an EXCEL_97_TO_2003 LoadOptions object | |
// Creating an Workbook object with excel 97 file path and the | |
// loadOptions object | |
new Workbook(srcDir + "Excel95_5.0.xls"); |
打开Microsoft Excel 97或更高版本的XLS文件
要打开Microsoft Excel XLS 97或更高版本的XLS文件,请使用Workbook实例化模板文件的路径或流。或者使用LoadOptions方法,并在LoadFormat枚举中选择EXCEL_97_TO_2003值。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningMicrosoftExcel972003Files.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Opening Microsoft Excel 97 Files | |
// Createing and EXCEL_97_TO_2003 LoadOptions object | |
LoadOptions loadOptions1 = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.EXCEL_97_TO_2003); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with excel 97 file path and the | |
// loadOptions object | |
Workbook workbook3 = new Workbook(dataDir + "Book_Excel97_2003.xls", loadOptions1); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("Excel 97 Workbook opened successfully."); |
打开Microsoft Excel 2007或更高版本的XLSX文件
要打开Microsoft Excel 2007或更高版本的XLSX文件,请使用Workbook实例化模板文件的路径或流。或者使用LoadOptions类,并在LoadFormat枚举中选择XLSX值。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningMicrosoftExcel2007XlsxFiles.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Opening Microsoft Excel 2007 XLSX Files. Createing and XLSX LoadOptions object | |
LoadOptions loadOptions2 = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.XLSX); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with 2007 xlsx file path and the loadOptions object | |
Workbook workbook4 = new Workbook(dataDir + "Book_Excel2007.xlsx", loadOptions2); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("Excel 2007 Workbook opened successfully."); |
打开具有不同格式的文件
Aspose.Cells允许开发人员打开不同格式的电子表格文件,例如SpreadsheetML、CSV、制表符分隔文件。要打开这些文件,开发人员可以使用与打开不同Microsoft Excel版本文件相同的方法。
打开电子表格 ML 文件
SpreadsheetML文件是您电子表格的XML表示,包括有关电子表格的所有信息,如格式、公式等。自Microsoft Excel XP以来,Microsoft Excel还增加了将电子表格导出为SpreadsheetML文件的XML导出选项。
要打开SpreadsheetML文件,请使用LoadOptions类,并在LoadFormat枚举中选择SPREADSHEET_ML值。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningSpreadsheetMLFiles.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Opening SpreadsheetML Files | |
// Creating and EXCEL_2003_XML LoadOptions object | |
LoadOptions loadOptions3 = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.SPREADSHEET_ML); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with SpreadsheetML file path and the | |
// loadOptions object | |
Workbook workbook5 = new Workbook(dataDir + "Book3.xml", loadOptions3); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("SpreadSheetML format workbook has been opened successfully."); |
打开 CSV 文件
逗号分隔的值(CSV)文件包含由逗号分隔或分隔的记录值。在 CSV 文件中,数据以字段由逗号字符分隔并由双引号字符引用的表格格式存储。如果字段的值包含双引号字符,则用一对双引号字符进行转义。您还可以使用 Microsoft Excel 将电子表格数据导出为 CSV 文件。
要打开CSV文件,请使用 LoadOptions 类并选择在 LoadFormat 枚举中预定义的 CSV 值。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningCSVFiles.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Opening CSV Files | |
// Creating and CSV LoadOptions object | |
LoadOptions loadOptions4 = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.CSV); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with CSV file path and the loadOptions | |
// object | |
Workbook workbook6 = new Workbook(dataDir + "Book_CSV.csv", loadOptions4); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("CSV format workbook has been opened successfully."); |
打开 CSV 文件并替换无效字符
在 Excel 中,当打开具有特殊字符的 CSV 文件时,这些字符会被自动替换。Aspose.Cells API 也会执行相同的操作,如下面给出的代码示例所示。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
//Source directory | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningCSVFilesAndReplacingInvalidCharacters.class) + "LoadingSavingConvertingAndManaging/"; | |
LoadOptions loadOptions = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.CSV); | |
//Load CSV file | |
Workbook workbook = new Workbook(dataDir + "[20180220142533][ASPOSE_CELLS_TEST].csv", loadOptions); | |
System.out.println(workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getName()); // (20180220142533)(ASPOSE_CELLS_T | |
System.out.println(workbook.getWorksheets().get(0).getName().length()); // 31 | |
System.out.println("CSV file opened successfully!"); |
使用首选解析器打开 CSV 文件并不总是必需的。有时导入 CSV 文件会得到意外的输出,例如日期格式不符合预期或空字段的处理方式不同。为此可以使用 TxtLoadOptions.PreferredParsers 来提供自己喜欢的解析器,以根据要求解析不同的数据类型。以下示例代码演示了首选解析器的用法。
并非总是需要使用默认的解析器设置来打开CSV文件。有时导入CSV文件的输出与预期不同,例如日期格式不符合期望或空字段处理方式不同。为此,可使用 TxtLoadOptions.PreferredParsers 来提供自己偏好的解析器,以根据需求解析不同的数据类型。以下示例代码演示了首选解析器的用法。
可以从以下链接下载示例源文件和输出文件,以测试此功能。
outputsamplePreferredParser.xlsx
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
class TextParser implements ICustomParser | |
{ | |
@Override | |
public Object parseObject(String s) { | |
return s; | |
} | |
@Override | |
public String getFormat() { | |
return ""; | |
} | |
} | |
class DateParser implements ICustomParser { | |
@Override | |
public Object parseObject(String s) { | |
Date myDate = null; | |
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy"); | |
try { | |
myDate = formatter.parse(s); | |
} catch (ParseException e) { | |
e.printStackTrace(); | |
} | |
return myDate; | |
} | |
@Override | |
public String getFormat() { | |
return "dd/MM/yyyy"; | |
} | |
} | |
public class OpeningCSVFilesWithPreferredParser { | |
//Source directory | |
private static String sourceDir = Utils.Get_SourceDirectory(); | |
private static String outputDir = Utils.Get_OutputDirectory(); | |
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { | |
// Initialize Text File's Load options | |
TxtLoadOptions oTxtLoadOptions = new TxtLoadOptions(LoadFormat.CSV); | |
// Specify the separatot character | |
oTxtLoadOptions.setSeparator(','); | |
// Specify the encoding scheme | |
oTxtLoadOptions.setEncoding(Encoding.getUTF8()); | |
// Set the flag to true for converting datetime data | |
oTxtLoadOptions.setConvertDateTimeData(true); | |
// Set the preferred parsers | |
oTxtLoadOptions.setPreferredParsers(new ICustomParser[] { new TextParser(), new DateParser() }); | |
// Initialize the workbook object by passing CSV file and text load options | |
Workbook oExcelWorkBook = new Workbook(sourceDir + "samplePreferredParser.csv", oTxtLoadOptions); | |
// Get the first cell | |
Cell oCell = oExcelWorkBook.getWorksheets().get(0).getCells().get("A1"); | |
// Display type of value | |
System.out.println("A1: " + getCellType(oCell.getType()) + " - " + oCell.getDisplayStringValue()); | |
// Get the second cell | |
oCell = oExcelWorkBook.getWorksheets().get(0).getCells().get("B1"); | |
// Display type of value | |
System.out.println("B1: " + getCellType(oCell.getType()) + " - " + oCell.getDisplayStringValue()); | |
// Save the workbook to disc | |
oExcelWorkBook.save(outputDir + "outputsamplePreferredParser.xlsx"); | |
System.out.println("OpeningCSVFilesWithPreferredParser executed successfully.\r\n"); | |
} | |
private static String getCellType(int type){ | |
if(type == CellValueType.IS_STRING){ | |
return "String"; | |
} else if(type == CellValueType.IS_NUMERIC){ | |
return "Numeric"; | |
} else if(type == CellValueType.IS_BOOL){ | |
return "Bool"; | |
} else if(type == CellValueType.IS_DATE_TIME){ | |
return "Date"; | |
} else if(type == CellValueType.IS_NULL){ | |
return "Null"; | |
} else if(type == CellValueType.IS_ERROR){ | |
return "Error"; | |
} else{ | |
return "Unknown"; | |
} | |
} |
打开 TSV(制表符分隔)文件
制表符分隔文件包含电子表格数据但不包含任何格式。数据以行和列的形式排列,就像表格和电子表格一样。简单来说,制表符分隔的文件是一种特殊的纯文本文件,在文本中的每一列之间都有一个制表符。
要打开制表符分隔的文件,开发人员应使用 LoadOptions 类并选择在 LoadFormat 枚举中预定义的 TSV 值。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningTabDelimitedFiles.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Creating and TAB_DELIMITED LoadOptions object | |
LoadOptions loadOptions5 = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.TSV); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with Tab Delimited text file path and the | |
// loadOptions object | |
Workbook workbook7 = new Workbook(dataDir + "Book1TabDelimited.txt", loadOptions5); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("Tab Delimited workbook has been opened successfully."); |
打开密码加密的 Excel 文件
我们知道可以使用Microsoft Excel创建加密的Excel文件。要打开这种加密文件,开发人员应调用特殊的重载LoadOptions方法,并在FileFormatType枚举中选择预定义的DEFAULT值。该方法还将接受加密文件的密码,如下面的示例所示。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the documents directory. | |
String dataDir = Utils.getSharedDataDir(OpeningEncryptedExcelFiles.class) + "loading_saving/"; | |
// Opening Encrypted Excel Files | |
// Creating and EXCEL_97_TO_2003 LoadOptions object | |
LoadOptions loadOptions6 = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.EXCEL_97_TO_2003); | |
// Setting the password for the encrypted Excel file | |
loadOptions6.setPassword("1234"); | |
// Creating an Workbook object with file path and the loadOptions object | |
Workbook workbook8 = new Workbook(dataDir + "encryptedBook.xls", loadOptions6); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("Encrypted workbook has been opened successfully."); |
Aspose.Cells还支持打开受密码保护的MS Excel 2013文件。
打开SXC文件
StarOffice Calc类似于Microsoft Excel,并支持公式、图表、函数和宏。使用此软件创建的电子表格以SXC扩展名保存。SXC文件也用于OpenOffice.org Calc电子表格文件。Aspose.Cells可以读取SXC文件,如以下代码示例所示。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the source directory. | |
String sourceDir = Utils.Get_SourceDirectory(); | |
// Instantiate LoadOptions specified by the LoadFormat. | |
LoadOptions loadOptions = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.SXC); | |
// Create a Workbook object and opening the file from its path | |
Workbook workbook = new Workbook(sourceDir + "SampleSXC.sxc", loadOptions); | |
// Using the Sheet 1 in Workbook | |
Worksheet worksheet = workbook.getWorksheets().get(0); | |
// Accessing a cell using its name | |
Cell cell = worksheet.getCells().get("C3"); | |
System.out.println("Cell Name: " + cell.getName() + " Value: " + cell.getStringValue()); |
打开FODS文件
FODS 文件是以 OpenDocument XML 格式保存的未压缩电子表格。Aspose.Cells 可以读取 FODS 文件,如以下代码示例所示。
示例
// For complete examples and data files, please go to https://github.com/aspose-cells/Aspose.Cells-for-Java | |
// The path to the source directory. | |
String sourceDir = Utils.Get_SourceDirectory(); | |
// Instantiate LoadOptions specified by the LoadFormat. | |
LoadOptions loadOptions = new LoadOptions(LoadFormat.FODS); | |
// Create a Workbook object and opening the file from its path | |
Workbook workbook = new Workbook(sourceDir + "SampleFods.fods", loadOptions); | |
// Print message | |
System.out.println("FODS file opened successfully!"); |