Edit PDF File Tags

Tagged PDFs are designed to ensure accessibility by marking each element—such as text, images, and links—with tags that define their purpose and role in the document. When editing these PDFs, it’s crucial to preserve these tags to maintain compliance with accessibility standards like WCAG.

Tools like Aspose.PDF for .NET offer robust functionality for handling tagged content, but care must be taken to uphold the document’s structure and accessibility. By methodically adding alt text to images or formatting paragraphs, tagged PDFs remain accessible and user-friendly.

Since the 24.7 release, as part of the editing tagged PDF, were added methods on Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.Element:

• Tag (add tags to specific operators like images, text, and links).
• InsertChild.
• RemoveChild.
• ClearChilds.

These methods allow you to edit pdf file tags, for example:

.NET Core 3.1

// For complete examples and data files, visit https://github.com/aspose-pdf/Aspose.PDF-for-.NET

private static void EditTags()
{
    // The path to the documents directory
    string dataDir = RunExamples.GetDataDir_AsposePdf_WorkingDocuments();

    // Open document
    using (var document = new Aspose.Pdf.Document(dataDir + "EditTags.pdf"))
    {
        var page = document.Pages[1];
        // The marked content operator on page for the image.
        Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC imageBdc = null;
        // The marked content operator on page for the text.
        Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC text1BDC = null;
        // The marked content operator on page for the link1.
        Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC link1Bdc = null;
        // The marked content operator on page for the link2.
        Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC link2Bdc = null;
        // The marked content operator on page for the Hello text.
        Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC helloBdc = null;
        // Find the marked content operators for the elements on the page.
        for (int i = 1; i <= page.Contents.Count; i++)
        {
            Aspose.Pdf.Operator op = page.Contents[i];
            var bdc = op as Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC;
            if (bdc != null)
            {
                // The text operator with marked content id = 0 was found.
                if (bdc.Properties.MCID == 0)
                {
                    helloBdc = bdc;
                }
            }

            var doXobj = op as Aspose.Pdf.Operators.Do;
            if (doXobj != null)
            {
                // Wrap the image XObject with makred content operator.
                imageBdc = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("Figure");
                page.Contents.Insert(i - 2, imageBdc);
                i++;
                page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                i++;
            }

            var tx = op as Aspose.Pdf.Operators.TextShowOperator;
            if (tx != null)
            {
                // Wrap the text operator on page with makred content operator.
                if (tx.Text.Contains("efter Ukendt forfatter er licenseret under"))
                {
                    text1BDC = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("P");
                    page.Contents.Insert(i - 1, text1BDC);
                    i++;
                    page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                    i++;
                }
                // Wrap the text operator on page with makred content operator.
                if (tx.Text.Contains("CC"))
                {
                    link1Bdc = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("Link");
                    page.Contents.Insert(i - 1, link1Bdc);
                    i++;
                    page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                    i++;
                }
                // Wrap the text operator on page with makred content operator.
                if (tx.Text.Contains("Dette billede"))
                {
                    link2Bdc = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("Link");
                    page.Contents.Insert(i - 1, link2Bdc);
                    i++;
                    page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }

        Aspose.Pdf.Tagged.ITaggedContent tagged = document.TaggedContent;

        // Find exist struct element in document.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.Element helloParagraph = tagged.RootElement.ChildElements[1];

        // Clear the subtree of an existing structure tree element.
        helloParagraph.ClearChilds();

        // Tag paragraph struct element to text on page.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.MCRElement helloMCR = helloParagraph.Tag(helloBdc);

        // Get the struct element attributes.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes helloAttrs = helloMCR.ParentStructureElement.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

        // Fill the paragraph struct element spaceAfter attribute.
        var helloSpaceAfter = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.SpaceAfter);
        helloSpaceAfter.SetNumberValue(30.625);
        helloAttrs.SetAttribute(helloSpaceAfter);

        // Create a figure element and place it to root element in second position.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.FigureElement figure = tagged.CreateFigureElement();
        tagged.RootElement.InsertChild(figure, 2);

        // Set an alternative text for the figure.
        figure.AlternativeText = "A fly.";

        // Tag figure struct element to image element on page.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.MCRElement figureMCR = figure.Tag(imageBdc);

        // Get the figure struct element attributes.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes figureAttrs = figureMCR.ParentStructureElement.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

        // Fill the figure struct element spaceAfter attribute.
        var figureSpaceAfter = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.SpaceAfter);
        figureSpaceAfter.SetNumberValue(3.625);
        figureAttrs.SetAttribute(figureSpaceAfter);

        // Fill the figure struct element BBox attribute.
        var figureBBox = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.BBox);
        figureBBox.SetArrayNumberValue(new double?[] { 71.9971, 375.839, 523.299, 714.345 });
        figureAttrs.SetAttribute(figureBBox);

        // Fill the figure struct element placement attribute.
        var figurePlacement = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.Placement);
        figurePlacement.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.Placement_Block);
        figureAttrs.SetAttribute(figurePlacement);

        // Find exist struct element in document.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.Element p2 = (Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureElement)tagged.RootElement.ChildElements[3];

        // Clear the subtree of an existing structure tree element.
        p2.ClearChilds();

        // Create the span struct element.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.SpanElement span1 = tagged.CreateSpanElement();

        // Get the span1 struct element attributes.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes span1Attrs = span1.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

        // Fill the span1 struct element textDecorationType attribute.
        var span1TextDecorationType = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationType);
        span1TextDecorationType.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.TextDecorationType_Underline);
        span1Attrs.SetAttribute(span1TextDecorationType);

        // Fill the span1 struct element textDecorationThickness attribute.
        var span1TextDecorationThickness = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationThickness);
        span1TextDecorationThickness.SetNumberValue(0);
        span1Attrs.SetAttribute(span1TextDecorationThickness);

        // Fill the span1 struct element textDecorationColor attribute.
        var span1TextDecorationColor = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationColor);
        span1TextDecorationColor.SetArrayNumberValue(new double?[] { 0.0196075, 0.384308, 0.756866 });
        span1Attrs.SetAttribute(span1TextDecorationColor);

        // Append the span element to the paragraph element in the struct tree.
        p2.AppendChild(span1);

        // Tag paragraph struct element to text element on page.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.MCRElement text1MCR = p2.Tag(text1BDC);

        // Get the mcr struct element attributes.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes text1Attrs = text1MCR.ParentStructureElement.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

        // Fill the text1 MCR struct element textAlign attribute.
        var text1TextAlign = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextAlign);
        text1TextAlign.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.TextAlign_Center);
        text1Attrs.SetAttribute(text1TextAlign);

        // Create the span struct element.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.SpanElement span2 = tagged.CreateSpanElement();

        // Get the span2 struct element attributes.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes span2Attrs = span2.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

        // Fill the span2 struct element textDecorationType attribute.
        var textDecorationType = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationType);
        textDecorationType.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.TextDecorationType_Underline);
        span2Attrs.SetAttribute(textDecorationType);

        // Fill the span2 struct element textDecorationThickness attribute.
        var textDecorationThickness = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationThickness);
        textDecorationThickness.SetNumberValue(0);
        span2Attrs.SetAttribute(textDecorationThickness);

        // Fill the span2 struct element textDecorationColor attribute.
        var textDecorationColor = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationColor);
        textDecorationColor.SetArrayNumberValue(new double?[] { 0.0196075, 0.384308, 0.756866 });
        span2Attrs.SetAttribute(textDecorationColor);

        // Append the span struct element to the struct element tree.
        p2.AppendChild(span2);

        // Create the link struct element.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.LinkElement link2 = tagged.CreateLinkElement();
        // Set an id attribute of struct element.
        link2.SetId(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
        // Append the link struct element to the struct element tree.
        span2.AppendChild(link2);
        // Tag link struct element to the page annotation element.
        link2.Tag(page.Annotations[1]);
        // Tag link struct element to text element on page.
        link2.Tag(link2Bdc);

        // Create the link struct element.
        Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.LinkElement link1 = tagged.CreateLinkElement();
        // Set an id attribute of struct element.
        link1.SetId(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
        // Append the link struct element to the struct element tree.
        span1.AppendChild(link1);
        // Tag link struct element to the page annotation element.
        link1.Tag(page.Annotations[2]);
        // Tag link struct element to text element on page.
        link1.Tag(link1Bdc);

        // Remove the struct element at index 0 from the struct tree.
        tagged.RootElement.RemoveChild(0);

        // Save document
        document.Save(dataDir + "EditTags_out.pdf");
    }
}

.NET 8

// For complete examples and data files, visit https://github.com/aspose-pdf/Aspose.PDF-for-.NET

private static void EditTags()
{
    // The path to the documents directory
    string dataDir = RunExamples.GetDataDir_AsposePdf_WorkingDocuments();

    // Open document
    using var document = new Aspose.Pdf.Document(dataDir + "EditTags.pdf");

    var page = document.Pages[1];
    // The marked content operator on page for the image.
    Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC imageBdc = null;
    // The marked content operator on page for the text.
    Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC text1BDC = null;
    // The marked content operator on page for the link1.
    Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC link1Bdc = null;
    // The marked content operator on page for the link2.
    Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC link2Bdc = null;
    // The marked content operator on page for the Hello text.
    Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC helloBdc = null;
    // Find the marked content operators for the elements on the page.
    for (int i = 1; i <= page.Contents.Count; i++)
    {
        Aspose.Pdf.Operator op = page.Contents[i];
        var bdc = op as Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC;
        if (bdc != null)
        {
            // The text operator with marked content id = 0 was found.
            if (bdc.Properties.MCID == 0)
            {
                helloBdc = bdc;
            }
        }

        var doXobj = op as Aspose.Pdf.Operators.Do;
        if (doXobj != null)
        {
            // Wrap the image XObject with makred content operator.
            imageBdc = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("Figure");
            page.Contents.Insert(i - 2, imageBdc);
            i++;
            page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
            i++;
        }

        var tx = op as Aspose.Pdf.Operators.TextShowOperator;
        if (tx != null)
        {
            // Wrap the text operator on page with makred content operator.
            if (tx.Text.Contains("efter Ukendt forfatter er licenseret under"))
            {
                text1BDC = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("P");
                page.Contents.Insert(i - 1, text1BDC);
                i++;
                page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                i++;
            }
            // Wrap the text operator on page with makred content operator.
            if (tx.Text.Contains("CC"))
            {
                link1Bdc = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("Link");
                page.Contents.Insert(i - 1, link1Bdc);
                i++;
                page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                i++;
            }
            // Wrap the text operator on page with makred content operator.
            if (tx.Text.Contains("Dette billede"))
            {
                link2Bdc = new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.BDC("Link");
                page.Contents.Insert(i - 1, link2Bdc);
                i++;
                page.Contents.Insert(i + 1, new Aspose.Pdf.Operators.EMC());
                i++;
            }
        }
    }

    Aspose.Pdf.Tagged.ITaggedContent tagged = document.TaggedContent;

    // Find exist struct element in document.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.Element helloParagraph = tagged.RootElement.ChildElements[1];

    // Clear the subtree of an existing structure tree element.
    helloParagraph.ClearChilds();

    // Tag paragraph struct element to text on page.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.MCRElement helloMCR = helloParagraph.Tag(helloBdc);

    // Get the struct element attributes.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes helloAttrs = helloMCR.ParentStructureElement.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

    // Fill the paragraph struct element spaceAfter attribute.
    var helloSpaceAfter = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.SpaceAfter);
    helloSpaceAfter.SetNumberValue(30.625);
    helloAttrs.SetAttribute(helloSpaceAfter);

    // Create a figure element and place it to root element in second position.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.FigureElement figure = tagged.CreateFigureElement();
    tagged.RootElement.InsertChild(figure, 2);

    // Set an alternative text for the figure.
    figure.AlternativeText = "A fly.";

    // Tag figure struct element to image element on page.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.MCRElement figureMCR = figure.Tag(imageBdc);

    // Get the figure struct element attributes.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes figureAttrs = figureMCR.ParentStructureElement.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

    // Fill the figure struct element spaceAfter attribute.
    var figureSpaceAfter = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.SpaceAfter);
    figureSpaceAfter.SetNumberValue(3.625);
    figureAttrs.SetAttribute(figureSpaceAfter);

    // Fill the figure struct element BBox attribute.
    var figureBBox = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.BBox);
    figureBBox.SetArrayNumberValue(new double?[] { 71.9971, 375.839, 523.299, 714.345 });
    figureAttrs.SetAttribute(figureBBox);

    // Fill the figure struct element placement attribute.
    var figurePlacement = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.Placement);
    figurePlacement.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.Placement_Block);
    figureAttrs.SetAttribute(figurePlacement);

    // Find exist struct element in document.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.Element p2 = (Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureElement)tagged.RootElement.ChildElements[3];

    // Clear the subtree of an existing structure tree element.
    p2.ClearChilds();

    // Create the span struct element.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.SpanElement span1 = tagged.CreateSpanElement();

    // Get the span1 struct element attributes.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes span1Attrs = span1.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

    // Fill the span1 struct element textDecorationType attribute.
    var span1TextDecorationType = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationType);
    span1TextDecorationType.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.TextDecorationType_Underline);
    span1Attrs.SetAttribute(span1TextDecorationType);

    // Fill the span1 struct element textDecorationThickness attribute.
    var span1TextDecorationThickness = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationThickness);
    span1TextDecorationThickness.SetNumberValue(0);
    span1Attrs.SetAttribute(span1TextDecorationThickness);

    // Fill the span1 struct element textDecorationColor attribute.
    var span1TextDecorationColor = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationColor);
    span1TextDecorationColor.SetArrayNumberValue(new double?[] { 0.0196075, 0.384308, 0.756866 });
    span1Attrs.SetAttribute(span1TextDecorationColor);

    // Append the span element to the paragraph element in the struct tree.
    p2.AppendChild(span1);

    // Tag paragraph struct element to text element on page.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.MCRElement text1MCR = p2.Tag(text1BDC);

    // Get the mcr struct element attributes.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes text1Attrs = text1MCR.ParentStructureElement.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

    // Fill the text1 MCR struct element textAlign attribute.
    var text1TextAlign = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextAlign);
    text1TextAlign.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.TextAlign_Center);
    text1Attrs.SetAttribute(text1TextAlign);

    // Create the span struct element.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.SpanElement span2 = tagged.CreateSpanElement();

    // Get the span2 struct element attributes.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttributes span2Attrs = span2.Attributes.CreateAttributes(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeOwnerStandard.Layout);

    // Fill the span2 struct element textDecorationType attribute.
    var textDecorationType = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationType);
    textDecorationType.SetNameValue(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeName.TextDecorationType_Underline);
    span2Attrs.SetAttribute(textDecorationType);

    // Fill the span2 struct element textDecorationThickness attribute.
    var textDecorationThickness = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationThickness);
    textDecorationThickness.SetNumberValue(0);
    span2Attrs.SetAttribute(textDecorationThickness);

    // Fill the span2 struct element textDecorationColor attribute.
    var textDecorationColor = new Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.StructureAttribute(Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.AttributeKey.TextDecorationColor);
    textDecorationColor.SetArrayNumberValue(new double?[] { 0.0196075, 0.384308, 0.756866 });
    span2Attrs.SetAttribute(textDecorationColor);

    // Append the span struct element to the struct element tree.
    p2.AppendChild(span2);

    // Create the link struct element.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.LinkElement link2 = tagged.CreateLinkElement();
    // Set an id attribute of struct element.
    link2.SetId(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
    // Append the link struct element to the struct element tree.
    span2.AppendChild(link2);
    // Tag link struct element to the page annotation element.
    link2.Tag(page.Annotations[1]);
    // Tag link struct element to text element on page.
    link2.Tag(link2Bdc);

    // Create the link struct element.
    Aspose.Pdf.LogicalStructure.LinkElement link1 = tagged.CreateLinkElement();
    // Set an id attribute of struct element.
    link1.SetId(Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
    // Append the link struct element to the struct element tree.
    span1.AppendChild(link1);
    // Tag link struct element to the page annotation element.
    link1.Tag(page.Annotations[2]);
    // Tag link struct element to text element on page.
    link1.Tag(link1Bdc);

    // Remove the struct element at index 0 from the struct tree.
    tagged.RootElement.RemoveChild(0);

    // Save document
    document.Save(dataDir + "EditTags_out.pdf");
}