在 C++ 中向 PowerPoint 演示文稿添加数学公式

概述

PowerPoint 将公式存储为 Office Math Markup Language（OMML）。使用 Aspose.Slides for C++，您可以以编程方式创建相同类型的数学内容：分数、根式、函数、极限、N 元运算符、矩阵、数组以及格式化的数学块。

在 PowerPoint 中，用户通常通过 Insert > Equation 添加公式：

PowerPoint 插入选项卡，已选择 Equation 命令

结果是在幻灯片上可编辑的数学文本：

包含可编辑数学公式的 PowerPoint 幻灯片

Aspose.Slides 通过三个主要对象构建该数学文本：

下面的大多数示例使用 MathematicalText 和来自 IMathElement 的流式方法，以保持代码简洁易读。

有关 MathML 导出场景，请参阅 在 C++ 中从演示文稿导出数学公式。

创建公式

此示例创建一个数学形状并添加勾股定理：

公式 c² = a² + b²

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 120.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto equation = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"c")
        - >SetSuperscript(u"2")
        - >Join(u"=")
        - >Join(System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"a")->SetSuperscript(u"2"))
        - >Join(u"+")
        - >Join(System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"b")->SetSuperscript(u"2"));

mathParagraph->Add(equation);

presentation->Save(u"pythagorean-theorem.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加分数

使用 Divide 创建分数。您可以使用 MathFractionTypes 选择分数样式。

显示 1 除以 x 的倾斜数学分数

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto fraction = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"1")
        - >Divide(u"x", MathFractionTypes::Skewed);

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(fraction));

presentation->Save(u"fraction.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

对于堆叠分数，使用 MathFractionTypes::Bar：

auto stackedFraction = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x + 1")->Divide(u"y - 1", MathFractionTypes::Bar);

添加根式

使用 Radical 创建平方根、立方根或其他根式。当前元素成为底数，参数成为指数。

一个 n 次根式，x 位于根号下

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto radical = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x")
        - >Radical(u"n");

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(radical));

presentation->Save(u"radical.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加函数和极限

使用 AsArgumentOfFunction 或 Function 来表示 sin(x)、log(x) 等函数或自定义函数名。对于极限，在 MathLimit 中放置 lim，或使用 SetLowerLimit。

当 x 趋近于无穷大时的极限

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto limit = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"lim")
        - >SetLowerLimit(u"x→∞")
        - >Function(u"x");

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(limit));

presentation->Save(u"functions-and-limits.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

对于自定义函数名，将函数名设为当前元素：

auto customFunction = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"f")->Function(u"x + 1");

添加 N 元运算符和积分

使用 Nary 进行求和、并集、交集等大型运算符。使用 Integral 进行积分。两者都可以设置上下限。

带有上下限的求和符号

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 120.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto summationBase = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x")
        - >SetSuperscript(u"k")
        - >Join(System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"a")->SetSuperscript(u"n-k"));

auto summation = summationBase->Nary(MathNaryOperatorTypes::Summation, u"k=0", u"n");

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(summation));

presentation->Save(u"nary-operators.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

N 元运算符用于带可选上下限的大型运算符。像 +、-、= 这样的简单运算符通常作为 MathematicalText 添加并组合到表达式中。

对于积分，使用 Integral：

auto integralBase = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x")->Join(System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"dx")->ToBox());
auto integral = integralBase->Integral(MathIntegralTypes::Simple, u"0", u"1");

添加矩阵

使用 MathMatrix 来定义行列。矩阵默认不包含括号，因此在需要圆括号、方括号或大括号时请自行包裹矩阵。

一个两行矩阵，其中一个单元格为空

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 120.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto matrix = System::MakeObject<MathMatrix>(2, 3);
matrix->idx_set(0, 0, System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"1"));
matrix->idx_set(0, 1, System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x"));
matrix->idx_set(1, 0, System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x"));
matrix->idx_set(1, 1, System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"2"));
matrix->idx_set(1, 2, System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"y"));

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(matrix));

presentation->Save(u"matrix.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加公式数组

当需要对齐的公式或垂直堆叠的表达式时，使用 ToMathArray。

垂直数学数组，x 位于 y 上方

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 140.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto equationArray = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x")
        - >Join(u"y")
        - >ToMathArray();

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(equationArray));

presentation->Save(u"equation-array.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加三角函数

当参数是当前元素且函数名已知时，使用 AsArgumentOfFunction。

三角函数 cos 作用于 2x

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto cosine = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"2x")
        - >AsArgumentOfFunction(MathFunctionsOfOneArgument::Cos);

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(cosine));

presentation->Save(u"trigonometric-function.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加下标和上标

使用下标和上标助手来表示索引和幂。当索引需要出现在基数左侧时，使用 SetSubSuperscriptOnTheLeft。

首字母 Y，左侧下标 1，右侧上标 n

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto scripts = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"Y")
        - >SetSubSuperscriptOnTheLeft(u"1", u"n");

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(scripts));

presentation->Save(u"subscript-superscript.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加分隔符

使用 Enclose 将表达式放入分隔符中。对于包含多个元素的分隔符表达式，还可以设置分隔字符。

包含 x、y、z 并以竖线分隔的分隔符表达式

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto delimiter = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x")
        - >Join(u"y")
        - >Join(u"z")
        - >Enclose(u'<', u'>', u'|');

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(delimiter));

presentation->Save(u"delimiters.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

添加带边框的框

当公式本身需要加框时，使用 ToBorderBox。

带框的公式，a² = b² + c²

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto boxedEquation = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"a")
        - >SetSuperscript(u"2")
        - >Join(u"=")
        - >Join(System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"b")->SetSuperscript(u"2"))
        - >Join(u"+")
        - >Join(System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"c")->SetSuperscript(u"2"))
        - >ToBorderBox();

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(boxedEquation));

presentation->Save(u"border-box.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

分组项

使用 Group 在表达式上方或下方放置分组字符。添加限制以标记分组的项。

表达式 x + y 被分组，下面带有标签任意文本

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 120.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto grouped = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"x + y")
        - >Group(u'\u23DF', MathTopBotPositions::Bottom, MathTopBotPositions::Top)
        - >SetLowerLimit(u"any text");

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(grouped));

presentation->Save(u"grouped-terms.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

格式化数学元素

仅在有助于阐明公式时使用格式化助手。例如，Overbar 在数学元素上方添加横线。

数学表达式 ABC 带有上划线

auto presentation = System::MakeObject<Presentation>();
auto slide = presentation->get_Slide(0);

auto mathShape = slide->get_Shapes()->AddMathShape(20.0f, 20.0f, 700.0f, 100.0f);
auto mathPortion = System::ExplicitCast<MathPortion>(mathShape->get_TextFrame()->get_Paragraph(0)->get_Portion(0));
auto mathParagraph = mathPortion->get_MathParagraph();

auto overbar = System::MakeObject<MathematicalText>(u"ABC")->Overbar();

mathParagraph->Add(System::MakeObject<MathBlock>(overbar));

presentation->Save(u"overbar.pptx", SaveFormat::Pptx);
presentation->Dispose();

快速参考

任务 主要 API
创建数学文本 MathematicalText
合并元素 IMathElement.Join
创建分数 IMathElement.Divide
添加上标或下标 SetSuperscript, SetSubscript
添加函数 Function, AsArgumentOfFunction
添加根式 IMathElement.Radical
添加极限 SetLowerLimit, SetUpperLimit
添加左侧脚本 SetSubSuperscriptOnTheLeft
添加求和和积分 Nary, Integral
添加矩阵 MathMatrix
添加公式数组 ToMathArray
添加分隔符 Enclose
添加横线和边框 Overbar, ToBorderBox
分组项 Group

常见问题

是否可以编辑现有的 PowerPoint 公式？

可以。打开演示文稿，找到包含 MathPortion 的形状，获取其 MathParagraph，并更新该段落中的数学块。

公式是否保存为可编辑的 PowerPoint 数学内容？

是的。保存为 PPTX 时，Aspose.Slides 会将公式写入为可编辑的 Office 数学内容。

是否可以将公式导出为 LaTeX？

Aspose.Slides 将数学公式导出为 MathML。如果需要 LaTeX，请先导出为 MathML，然后使用支持目标 LaTeX 方言的工具将 MathML 转换为 LaTeX。

PowerPoint 图表 PowerPoint 图形