管理 Python 簡報中的連接線

本頁內容簡介

了解如何使用 Aspose.Slides for Python via .NET 在 PowerPoint 中新增、附加、重新路由、調整與檢查直線、彎曲與曲線連接線。

概觀

連接線是一條在任一形狀移動時仍可保持連接兩個形狀的線。其兩端會連接到連接點，這些連接點在 PowerPoint 中以綠點顯示。某些彎曲和曲線連接線還會顯示調整點，以橙點表示，用於控制各連接線段的位置。

Aspose.Slides 透過 IConnector 介面表示連接線。您可以建立連接線、將兩端連接到形狀、選擇連接點、重新路由，並修改具有調整點的連接線的幾何形狀。

連接線類型

ShapeType 列舉包含直線、彎曲和曲線連接線預設。下表顯示可用的連接線幾何形狀以及每個預設定義的調整點數量。

連接線	圖片	調整點數量
ShapeType.LINE		0
ShapeType.STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR1		0
ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR2		0
ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR3		1
ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4		2
ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR5		3
ShapeType.CURVED_CONNECTOR2		0
ShapeType.CURVED_CONNECTOR3		1
ShapeType.CURVED_CONNECTOR4		2
ShapeType.CURVED_CONNECTOR5		3

調整點的數量與意義屬於所選連接線預設的一部份。不要假設兩種不同的連接線類型會暴露相同的集合布局。

將兩個形狀連接起來

使用 IShapeCollection.add_connector 新增連接線，並指定其 start_shape_connected_to 與 end_shape_connected_to 屬性。兩端都連接後，呼叫 IConnector.reroute 會在形狀之間選擇最短路徑。

以下範例使用彎曲連接線將橢圓與矩形連接：

import aspose.slides as slides

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    ellipse = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.ELLIPSE, 40, 80, 120, 80)
    rectangle = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 320, 240, 140, 80)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR2, 0, 0, 10, 10)

    connector.start_shape_connected_to = ellipse
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = rectangle
    connector.reroute()

    presentation.save("connected-shapes.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

警告

呼叫 reroute 可能會變更 start_shape_connection_site_index 與 end_shape_connection_site_index 的值。若必須固定這些連接點，請在重新路由後再指定具體的連接點。

選擇連接點

每個可連接的形狀會透過 connection_site_count 報告其連接點數量。在指派給連接線端點之前，先驗證所選的零基索引；不同形狀的幾何會導致連接點數量不同。

此範例在橢圓上存在的特定連接點上附加連接線：

import aspose.slides as slides

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    ellipse = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.ELLIPSE, 40, 80, 120, 80)
    rectangle = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 320, 240, 140, 80)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR3, 0, 0, 10, 10)

    connector.start_shape_connected_to = ellipse
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = rectangle

    preferred_site_index = 2
    if preferred_site_index < ellipse.connection_site_count:
        connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = preferred_site_index
    else:
        print(f"The ellipse has only {ellipse.connection_site_count} connection sites.")

    presentation.save("specific-connection-site.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

調整連接點

具有調整點的連接線會透過 IGeometryShape.adjustments 暴露。檢查每個 IAdjustValue 並在變更其 raw_value 前先確認其 type。有關一般形狀操作，請參閱 Shape Manipulation。

調整點的數量、順序、意義與有效值範圍取決於連接線預設。type 屬性為唯讀，調整值則可寫。唯讀的 name 屬性在同一語意類型出現多次時提供額外辨識。

繞過障礙物

在下圖中，ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR5 連接線在兩個形狀之間穿過第三個形狀：

以下程式碼建立受阻的連接線：

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.pydrawing as draw

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 300, 150, 150, 75)
    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 500, 400, 100, 50)
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 70, 30)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR5, 20, 20, 400, 300)

    connector.line_format.end_arrowhead_style = slides.LineArrowheadStyle.TRIANGLE
    connector.line_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
    connector.line_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = draw.Color.black
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 2

    presentation.save("connector-obstruction.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

移動垂直彎曲點會改變路徑，使連接線繞過障礙物：

此範例不假設集合索引 1 必定代表垂直彎曲點，而是搜尋 ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y，僅在語意類型符合時才變更：

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.pydrawing as draw

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 300, 150, 150, 75)
    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 500, 400, 100, 50)
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 70, 30)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR5, 20, 20, 400, 300)

    connector.line_format.end_arrowhead_style = slides.LineArrowheadStyle.TRIANGLE
    connector.line_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
    connector.line_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = draw.Color.black
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 2

    vertical_bend = None
    for adjustment_index in range(len(connector.adjustments)):
        adjustment = connector.adjustments[adjustment_index]
        print(f"{adjustment.name}: {adjustment.type}, raw value = {adjustment.raw_value}")
        if adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y:
            vertical_bend = adjustment
            break

    if vertical_bend is None:
        print("The connector does not expose a vertical bend adjustment.")
    else:
        vertical_bend.raw_value = 60000
        presentation.save("connector-obstruction-fixed.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR5 具有兩個 ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_X 調整點與一個 ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y 調整點。若需要的類型出現多次，請檢查 name 並依據已知的幾何預設選擇。若調整點回報 ShapeAdjustmentType.CUSTOM，視其意義與範圍為預設特有，且在未了解合約前不要變更。

將調整值對應至連接線幾何

對於彎曲連接線，調整值可用來估算各段的座標。以下計算皆針對特定連接線預設：

• ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4 通常暴露一個 ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_X 與一個 ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y 調整點。
• 對於這些彎曲位置，raw_value / 100000 產生相對於連接線框寬或高的比例。
• 連接線框可能被旋轉或翻轉，故在與投影片座標比較前必須先轉換框座標。

以下範例先使用 type 辨識調整點，並不以集合索引作為可移植的辨識子。

未旋轉的連接線

初始版面包含兩個文字形狀，由 ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4 連接：

此範例檢查連接線並取得水平與垂直彎曲的調整點：

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.pydrawing as draw

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 60, 25)
    source_shape.text_frame.text = "From"
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 500, 100, 60, 25)
    target_shape.text_frame.text = "To"
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4, 20, 20, 400, 300)

    connector.line_format.end_arrowhead_style = slides.LineArrowheadStyle.TRIANGLE
    connector.line_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
    connector.line_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = draw.Color.crimson
    connector.line_format.width = 3
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 3
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.end_shape_connection_site_index = 2

    for adjustment_index in range(len(connector.adjustments)):
        adjustment = connector.adjustments[adjustment_index]
        print(f"{adjustment.name}: {adjustment.type}, raw value = {adjustment.raw_value}")

若要同時變更兩個彎曲，先找到每個預期的類型，確保兩者皆被找到後再修改其值：

import aspose.slides as slides

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 60, 25)
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 500, 100, 60, 25)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4, 20, 20, 400, 300)
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 3
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.end_shape_connection_site_index = 2

    horizontal_bend = None
    vertical_bend = None
    for adjustment_index in range(len(connector.adjustments)):
        adjustment = connector.adjustments[adjustment_index]
        if adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_X:
            horizontal_bend = adjustment
        elif adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y:
            vertical_bend = adjustment

    if horizontal_bend is None or vertical_bend is None:
        print("The connector does not expose the expected bend adjustments.")
    else:
        horizontal_bend.raw_value += 20000
        vertical_bend.raw_value += 200000
        presentation.save("connector-adjusted.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

結果是水平與垂直段都已移動的連接線：

一旦得知語意類型，即可將其值轉換為連接線框座標。此範例在由兩個彎曲調整點控制的垂直段上繪製一個細長矩形：

import aspose.slides as slides

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 60, 25)
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 500, 100, 60, 25)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4, 20, 20, 400, 300)
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 3
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.end_shape_connection_site_index = 2

    horizontal_bend = None
    vertical_bend = None
    for adjustment_index in range(len(connector.adjustments)):
        adjustment = connector.adjustments[adjustment_index]
        if adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_X:
            horizontal_bend = adjustment
        elif adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y:
            vertical_bend = adjustment

    if horizontal_bend is None or vertical_bend is None:
        print("The connector does not expose the expected bend adjustments.")
    else:
        x = connector.x + connector.width * horizontal_bend.raw_value / 100000
        y = connector.y
        height = connector.height * vertical_bend.raw_value / 100000
        slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, x, y, 1, height)
        presentation.save("connector-segment-guide.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

指示形狀標示出計算後的段落：

旋轉或翻轉的連接線

當相同的連接線幾何垂直排列時，其 frame、flip_h 與 flip_v 會影響從連接線框座標到投影片座標的轉換。

此範例建立並調整垂直方向的連接線：

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.pydrawing as draw

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 60, 25)
    source_shape.text_frame.text = "From"
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 400, 60, 25)
    target_shape.text_frame.text = "To 1"
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4, 20, 20, 400, 300)

    connector.line_format.end_arrowhead_style = slides.LineArrowheadStyle.TRIANGLE
    connector.line_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
    connector.line_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = draw.Color.medium_aquamarine
    connector.line_format.width = 3
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 2
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.end_shape_connection_site_index = 3

    for adjustment_index in range(len(connector.adjustments)):
        adjustment = connector.adjustments[adjustment_index]
        if adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_X:
            adjustment.raw_value += 20000
        elif adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y:
            adjustment.raw_value += 200000

    presentation.save("vertical-connector-adjusted.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

調整後的連接線垂直顯示於兩個形狀之間：

對於任意旋轉角度 alpha，將連接線框點 (x, y) 圍繞框中心 (x0, y0) 旋轉：

X = (x - x0) * cos(alpha) - (y - y0) * sin(alpha) + x0

Y = (x - x0) * sin(alpha) + (y - y0) * cos(alpha) + y0

以下程式碼處理本例中使用的 90° 方向，並在相應的連接線段上繪製紅色指示：

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.pydrawing as draw

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    source_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 100, 60, 25)
    target_shape = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, 100, 400, 60, 25)
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.BENT_CONNECTOR4, 20, 20, 400, 300)
    connector.start_shape_connected_to = source_shape
    connector.start_shape_connection_site_index = 2
    connector.end_shape_connected_to = target_shape
    connector.end_shape_connection_site_index = 3

    horizontal_bend = None
    vertical_bend = None
    for adjustment_index in range(len(connector.adjustments)):
        adjustment = connector.adjustments[adjustment_index]
        if adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_X:
            horizontal_bend = adjustment
        elif adjustment.type == slides.ShapeAdjustmentType.CONNECTOR_BEND_POSITION_Y:
            vertical_bend = adjustment

    if horizontal_bend is None or vertical_bend is None:
        print("The connector does not expose the expected bend adjustments.")
    else:
        horizontal_bend.raw_value += 20000
        vertical_bend.raw_value += 200000

        x = connector.x
        y = connector.y
        if connector.frame.flip_h == slides.NullableBool.TRUE:
            x += connector.width
        if connector.frame.flip_v == slides.NullableBool.TRUE:
            y += connector.height

        x += connector.width * horizontal_bend.raw_value / 100000
        rotated_x = connector.frame.center_x - y + connector.frame.center_y
        rotated_y = x - connector.frame.center_x + connector.frame.center_y
        segment_width = connector.height * vertical_bend.raw_value / 100000
        guide = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, rotated_x, rotated_y, segment_width, 1)
        guide.line_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
        guide.line_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = draw.Color.red

        presentation.save("rotated-connector-segment-guide.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

紅色指示標示出座標轉換後計算的段落：

這些公式描述的是範例所用的預設，而非通用的連接線模型。套用相同計算於其他預設前，請先驗證調整類型、框方向與值範圍。

取得連接線方向角度

直線連接線的方向可由其寬度與高度計算，並考慮水平與垂直翻轉。以下範例回報投影片座標系中正水平軸的順時針角度：

import math
import aspose.slides as slides

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]
    connector = slide.shapes.add_connector(slides.ShapeType.STRAIGHT_CONNECTOR1, 100, 100, 200, 100)

    flip_h = connector.frame.flip_h == slides.NullableBool.TRUE
    flip_v = connector.frame.flip_v == slides.NullableBool.TRUE
    delta_x = connector.width * (-1 if flip_h else 1)
    delta_y = connector.height * (-1 if flip_v else 1)
    angle = math.atan2(delta_y, delta_x) * 180.0 / math.pi

    if angle < 0:
        angle += 360

    print(f"Connector direction: {angle:.2f} degrees")

常見問題

如何判斷連接線是否能附著於形狀？

檢查形狀的 connection_site_count。正值表示形狀提供連接點。指派給任一連接線端之前，先驗證所選的站點索引。

我能以集合索引辨識連接線調整點嗎？

索引僅在已知的連接線預設與集合布局下才有意義。修改值前先檢查 IAdjustValue.type，若同一語意類型出現多次，請使用 IAdjustValue.name 作為補充資訊。

當所連接的形狀被刪除時會發生什麼？

相應的連接線端會變為未附著狀態。連接線仍保留在投影片上，您可以刪除、作為自由線定位，或重新附著到其他形狀。

複製投影片時會保留連接線的綁定嗎？

一般情況下，當連接的形狀與投影片一起被複製時，綁定會保留。如果僅複製了連接線而未複製其目標形狀，則必須重新附著受影響的端點。