使用 Python 在演示文稿中管理图表数据标签

介绍

数据标签显示有关图表系列和单个数据点的信息,帮助读者识别数值并理解图表。本文说明如何格式化数值、显示百分比、读取标签文本、控制超出轴最大值的标签、调整类别轴标签间距以及定位饼图标签。

在图表数据标签中设置数据精度

使用 number_format_of_values 来格式化系列值。此示例创建一个带默认数据的折线图,显示其数据表,并为第一系列启用值标签。格式 #,##0.00 显示千位分隔符和两位小数,而不更改底层值。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.LINE, 50, 50, 450, 300)
    chart.has_data_table = True

    series = chart.chart_data.series[0]
    series.number_format_of_values = "#,##0.00"
    series.labels.default_data_label_format.show_value = True

    presentation.save("PrecisionOfDatalabels_out.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

显示百分比为标签

对于堆积柱形图,计算每个值占其类别总计的百分比,并将文本分配给 text_frame_for_overriding。此示例使用默认图表数据,并以 8 磅字体显示两位小数的百分比。总计为零的类别会被跳过,以避免除以零。如果图表数据更改,需要重新计算自定义标签文本。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.STACKED_COLUMN, 20, 20, 400, 400)

    category_totals = [0.0] * len(chart.chart_data.categories)
    for k in range(len(chart.chart_data.categories)):
        for series in chart.chart_data.series:
            point_value = float(series.data_points[k].value.data)
            category_totals[k] += point_value

    for series in chart.chart_data.series:
        series.labels.default_data_label_format.show_legend_key = False

        for j in range(len(series.data_points)):
            label = series.data_points[j].label
            if category_totals[j] == 0:
                continue

            point_value = float(series.data_points[j].value.data)
            data_point_percent = point_value / category_totals[j] * 100

            portion = slides.Portion()
            portion.text = f"{data_point_percent:.2f} %"
            portion.portion_format.font_height = 8

            label.text_frame_for_overriding.text = ""

            paragraph = label.text_frame_for_overriding.paragraphs[0]
            paragraph.portions.add(portion)

            label.data_label_format.show_value = True
            label.data_label_format.show_series_name = False
            label.data_label_format.show_percentage = False
            label.data_label_format.show_legend_key = False
            label.data_label_format.show_category_name = False
            label.data_label_format.show_bubble_size = False

    presentation.save("DisplayPercentageAsLabels_out.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

在图表数据标签中设置百分号

当值以分数形式存储时,使用 number_format 来显示百分比。将 is_number_format_linked_to_source 设置为 False,即可使标签格式独立于源单元格。

此示例创建一个 100% 堆积柱形图,包含红色和蓝色系列,跨越四个类别。每对值的和为 1。标签格式 0.0% 将 0.30 显示为 30.0%,而垂直轴使用两位小数。两个系列的标签文本均为白色、10 磅。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts
import aspose.pydrawing as drawing

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.PERCENTS_STACKED_COLUMN, 20, 20, 500, 400)

    chart.axes.vertical_axis.is_number_format_linked_to_source = False
    chart.axes.vertical_axis.number_format = "0.00%"

    chart.chart_data.series.clear()
    chart.chart_data.categories.clear()

    workbook = chart.chart_data.chart_data_workbook
    worksheet_index = 0
    for i in range(4):
        category_cell = workbook.get_cell(worksheet_index, i + 1, 0, f"Category {i + 1}")
        chart.chart_data.categories.add(category_cell)

    series_names = ["Reds", "Blues"]
    series_colors = [drawing.Color.red, drawing.Color.blue]
    values = [[0.30, 0.50, 0.80, 0.65], [0.70, 0.50, 0.20, 0.35]]

    for i in range(len(series_names)):
        series_cell = workbook.get_cell(worksheet_index, 0, i + 1, series_names[i])
        series = chart.chart_data.series.add(series_cell, chart.type)
        for j in range(4):
            value_cell = workbook.get_cell(worksheet_index, j + 1, i + 1, values[i][j])
            series.data_points.add_data_point_for_bar_series(value_cell)

        series.format.fill.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
        series.format.fill.solid_fill_color.color = series_colors[i]

        label_format = series.labels.default_data_label_format
        label_format.show_value = True
        label_format.is_number_format_linked_to_source = False
        label_format.number_format = "0.0%"
        label_format.text_format.portion_format.font_height = 10
        label_format.text_format.portion_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
        label_format.text_format.portion_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = drawing.Color.white

    presentation.save("SetDataLabelsPercentageSign_out.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

读取数据标签的实际文本

使用 get_actual_label_text 来获取数据标签设置生成的文本。此功能在提取报告标签、搜索演示文稿内容或验证生成的图表时非常有用。在下面的示例中,默认的 data label format 将每个类别名称、系列名称和数值组合在一起。一个数据点将其值格式化为百分比,另一个则使用来自 text_frame_for_overriding 的自定义文本。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.CLUSTERED_COLUMN, 20, 20, 500, 300)

    chart.chart_data.series.clear()
    chart.chart_data.categories.clear()

    workbook = chart.chart_data.chart_data_workbook
    for i, category_name in enumerate(["Q1", "Q2"]):
        category_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, i + 1, 0, category_name)
        chart.chart_data.categories.add(category_cell)

    north_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, 0, 1, "North")
    north = chart.chart_data.series.add(north_cell, chart.type)
    for i, value in enumerate([0.25, 0.75]):
        value_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, i + 1, 1, value)
        north.data_points.add_data_point_for_bar_series(value_cell)

    south_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, 0, 2, "South")
    south = chart.chart_data.series.add(south_cell, chart.type)
    for i, value in enumerate([0.40, 0.60]):
        value_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, i + 1, 2, value)
        south.data_points.add_data_point_for_bar_series(value_cell)

    for series in chart.chart_data.series:
        label_format = series.labels.default_data_label_format
        label_format.show_category_name = True
        label_format.show_series_name = True
        label_format.show_value = True

    north.labels[1].data_label_format.is_number_format_linked_to_source = False
    north.labels[1].data_label_format.number_format = "0%"
    south.labels[0].text_frame_for_overriding.text = "Reviewed"

    for series in chart.chart_data.series:
        for point in series.data_points:
            label = point.label
            if not label.is_visible:
                continue

            label_text = label.get_actual_label_text()
            print(f"Value: {point.value.data}; label: {label_text}")

数据点中存储的数值仍为 0.75,即使其标签显示为 75% 并附带类别和系列名称。自定义文本会替代生成的标签文本。 get_actual_label_text 在两种情况下都返回生成的标签字符串。若只想提取可见标签,请单独检查 is_visible ,如上所示。

控制超出轴最大值的数据标签

当手动限制坐标轴范围时,某些数据点可能会超出其最大值。使用 show_data_labels_over_maximum 来控制是否显示这些数据标签。此设置只改变标签的可见性,不会更改坐标轴范围或底层数据值。

下面的示例创建一个值为 60 和 120 的 2D 集合柱形图。它将垂直轴的 is_automatic_max_value 设置为 False,并将 max_value 设置为 100。第一张幻灯片允许标签超出最大值;其副本则禁用该功能。两张幻灯片均保存为 DataLabelsOverMaximum.pptx。

使用 show_value 启用数值标签。图表级别的设置本身并不会启用数值显示,也不会覆盖单个标签已禁用的数值显示。此示例为整个系列启用数值,并使用 position 将标签放置在每根柱子的外端。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.CLUSTERED_COLUMN, 50, 50, 600, 400)
    chart.has_legend = False

    chart.chart_data.series.clear()
    chart.chart_data.categories.clear()

    workbook = chart.chart_data.chart_data_workbook

    first_category = workbook.get_cell(0, 1, 0, "Within range")
    second_category = workbook.get_cell(0, 2, 0, "Above maximum")

    chart.chart_data.categories.add(first_category)
    chart.chart_data.categories.add(second_category)

    series_name = workbook.get_cell(0, 0, 1, "Values")
    series = chart.chart_data.series.add(series_name, chart.type)

    first_value = workbook.get_cell(0, 1, 1, 60)
    second_value = workbook.get_cell(0, 2, 1, 120)

    series.data_points.add_data_point_for_bar_series(first_value)
    series.data_points.add_data_point_for_bar_series(second_value)

    series.labels.default_data_label_format.show_value = True
    series.labels.default_data_label_format.position = charts.LegendDataLabelPosition.OUTSIDE_END

    chart.axes.vertical_axis.is_automatic_max_value = False
    chart.axes.vertical_axis.max_value = 100
    chart.show_data_labels_over_maximum = True

    second_slide = presentation.slides.add_clone(slide)
    second_chart = second_slide.shapes[0]
    second_chart.show_data_labels_over_maximum = False

    presentation.save("DataLabelsOverMaximum.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

下图显示了 Microsoft PowerPoint 渲染的已保存幻灯片。True 时,标签 120 在上边界可见;False 时,该标签被隐藏。标签 60 保持可见,轴最大值仍为 100,第二个数据点在两种情况下均为 120。

show_data_labels_over_maximum = True show_data_labels_over_maximum = False
PowerPoint chart showing the value label 120 with an axis maximum of 100 PowerPoint chart hiding the value label 120 with an axis maximum of 100

设置标签与坐标轴的距离

使用 label_offset 来控制类别轴标签与坐标轴之间的距离。该值是轴标签最大字体大小的百分比。此示例创建一个集合柱形图,并将水平轴标签偏移设置为 500。此设置影响类别轴标签,而不是附加到单个数据点的标签。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.CLUSTERED_COLUMN, 20, 20, 500, 300)
    chart.axes.horizontal_axis.label_offset = 500

    presentation.save("SetCategoryAxisLabelDistance_out.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

调整标签位置

在饼图中,调整数据标签位置以优化间距并为引导线留出空间。

此示例显示第一个数据点的数值,将其标签放置在扇形外部,并调整其 x 和 y 偏移。这些偏移分别相对于图表的宽度和高度。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.PIE, 50, 50, 200, 200)
    series = chart.chart_data.series

    label = series[0].labels[0]
    label.data_label_format.show_value = True
    label.data_label_format.position = charts.LegendDataLabelPosition.OUTSIDE_END
    label.x = 0.71
    label.y = 0.04

    presentation.save("presentation.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

带有调整后数据标签位置的饼图

格式化引导线

当饼图标签位于扇形外部时,引导线帮助读者将每个数值与正确的扇形对应。使用对比色和稍粗的线条可以使连接更易辨认,而透明度和虚线样式则使线条在视觉上不显突兀。

使用 leader_lines_format 在系列的数据标签集合层面格式化引导线。series.labels.leader_lines_format.line 中的设置作用于整个集合,而非单个标签。

此示例创建一个默认数据的饼图,在扇形外显示数值,并启用 show_leader_lines。它使用 x 和 y 偏移将两个标签从扇形进一步移开,偏移以图表宽高的比例表示。无需输入演示文稿。

该线条的 fill_format 设置为实心蓝色,透明度为 191/255(约 25% 透明)。width 将粗细设为 2 磅,且 dash_style 将线条设为虚线。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts
import aspose.pydrawing as drawing

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.PIE, 80, 50, 560, 400)
    chart.has_legend = False

    series = chart.chart_data.series[0]

    label_format = series.labels.default_data_label_format
    label_format.show_value = True
    label_format.position = charts.LegendDataLabelPosition.OUTSIDE_END
    label_format.show_leader_lines = True

    # 将两个标签远离它们的切片
    series.labels[0].x = 0.10
    series.labels[0].y = -0.05
    series.labels[1].x = -0.10
    series.labels[1].y = 0.05

    line = series.labels.leader_lines_format.line
    line.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
    line.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = drawing.Color.from_argb(191, 30, 90, 160)
    line.width = 2
    line.dash_style = slides.LineDashStyle.DASH

    presentation.save("FormattedLeaderLines.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

启用引导线并不保证每个标签都会出现连线。可见性取决于标签位置和图表的布局行为。在本例中,两个偏离的标签拥有可见的引导线;靠近扇形的标签则不需要。

下图显示了使用 Aspose.Slides 渲染的已保存 FormattedLeaderLines.pptx:

带有蓝色、半透明虚线引导线的饼图,将两个外部标签连接到其对应的扇形

在柱形图上方添加多行数据标签

此示例创建一个柱形图,在绘图区域上方放置两行数据标签。Series A 显示可见的柱子,Series B 和 Series C 提供额外的标签。通过移除填充和轮廓将它们的柱子隐藏。 overlap 属性使三个系列的类别中心对齐。

plot_area 设置为标签行预留空间。执行 validate_chart_layout 计算默认位置后,使用 x 和 y 保持水平对齐并应用垂直偏移,将标签排列成两行。这些数字仍是与系列数值关联的数据标签;只有行标题是独立的文本形状。

import aspose.slides as slides
import aspose.slides.charts as charts
import aspose.pydrawing as drawing

with slides.Presentation() as presentation:
    slide = presentation.slides[0]

    chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(charts.ChartType.CLUSTERED_COLUMN, 40, 40, 640, 200)
    chart.has_title = False
    chart.has_legend = False
    chart.text_format.portion_format.font_height = 12

    chart.chart_data.series.clear()
    chart.chart_data.categories.clear()

    workbook = chart.chart_data.chart_data_workbook
    workbook.clear(0)

    categories = ["North", "South", "East", "West"]
    series_names = ["Series A", "Series B", "Series C"]
    series_values = [
        [35, 42, 28, 47],
        [22, 31, 19, 26],
        [12, 16, 14, 18]
    ]

    for category_index, category_name in enumerate(categories):
        category_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, category_index + 1, 0, category_name)
        chart.chart_data.categories.add(category_cell)

    for series_index, series_name in enumerate(series_names):
        series_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, 0, series_index + 1, series_name)
        series = chart.chart_data.series.add(series_cell, charts.ChartType.CLUSTERED_COLUMN)

        for category_index in range(len(categories)):
            value_cell = workbook.get_cell(0, category_index + 1, series_index + 1, series_values[series_index][category_index])
            series.data_points.add_data_point_for_bar_series(value_cell)

        if series_index > 0:
            # 隐藏 B 列和 C 列的柱子,但保留它们的数据标签。
            series.format.fill.fill_type = slides.FillType.NO_FILL
            series.format.line.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.NO_FILL
            label_format = series.labels.default_data_label_format
            label_format.show_value = True
            label_format.text_format.portion_format.font_height = 12
            label_fill = label_format.text_format.portion_format.fill_format
            label_fill.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
            label_fill.solid_fill_color.color = drawing.Color.black
            label_format.position = charts.LegendDataLabelPosition.INSIDE_BASE

    # 使所有三个系列的类别中心对齐。
    chart.chart_data.series[0].parent_series_group.overlap = 100

    # 在此紧凑示例中使用更少的网格线。
    chart.axes.vertical_axis.is_automatic_major_unit = False
    chart.axes.vertical_axis.major_unit = 10

    # 在绘图区上方预留空间用于两行数据标签。
    chart.plot_area.layout_target_type = charts.LayoutTargetType.INNER
    chart.plot_area.x = 0.15
    chart.plot_area.y = 0.32
    chart.plot_area.width = 0.80
    chart.plot_area.height = 0.48
    chart.validate_chart_layout()

    for series_index in range(1, len(series_names)):
        series = chart.chart_data.series[series_index]
        row_top = 0.15 if series_index == 1 else 0.03

        for category_index in range(len(categories)):
            data_label = series.data_points[category_index].label
            # 保持默认的水平位置。Y 是相对于
            # 默认标签位置的偏移,以图表高度的比例表示。
            data_label.x = 0
            data_label.y = row_top - data_label.actual_y / chart.height

        # 只有行标题是单独的文本形状。
        row_heading = slide.shapes.add_auto_shape(slides.ShapeType.RECTANGLE, chart.x, chart.y + row_top * chart.height, 85, 18)
        row_heading.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.NO_FILL
        row_heading.line_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.NO_FILL
        row_heading.add_text_frame(series_names[series_index])
        row_heading.text_frame.text_frame_format.margin_top = 0
        row_heading.text_frame.text_frame_format.margin_bottom = 0
        heading_format = row_heading.text_frame.paragraphs[0].portions[0].portion_format
        heading_format.font_height = 12
        heading_format.fill_format.fill_type = slides.FillType.SOLID
        heading_format.fill_format.solid_fill_color.color = drawing.Color.black

    presentation.save("multiple-rows-of-labels.pptx", slides.export.SaveFormat.PPTX)

在绘图区域上方带有两行数据标签的柱形图

常见问题

如何防止数据标签在密集图表中重叠?

结合自动标签布局、引导线和减小字体大小;必要时可隐藏某些字段(例如类别),或仅对极值或关键点显示标签。

如何仅对零、负数或空值禁用标签?

在启用标签之前过滤数据点,并根据定义的规则关闭对 0、负数或缺失值的显示。

在导出为 PDF/图片时,如何确保标签样式一致?

显式设置字体族和大小,并确认渲染环境中已安装该字体,以避免回退。